Abstract: Objective：To analyze retrospectively the hysteroscopic and morphological characteristics of endometrial polypoid (EP) lesion in infertile patients, so as to improve the diagnostic coincidence rate of hysteroscopy and histopathology. Methods：Those infertile patients performed hysteroscopy were analyzed retrospectively from February 2005 through July 2014. Hysteroscopic characteristics were then compared with histopathologic characteristics in those patients with EP. Results：17.4% (1 372/7 884) of infertile patients were diagnosed with EP lesion by hysteroscopy. The morphological manifestation of EP lesion under hysteroscopy were as follows: endometrial neoplasm (88.0%, 1 207/1 372), endometrial local uplift (6.7%, 92/1 372), and endometrial coarse and fragment (5.3%, 73/1 372). The three most prevalent diagnoses by histopathology were endometrial polyp (83.0%, 1 139/1 372), endometrial polypoid hyperplasia (9.3%, 128/1 372) and hysteromyoma (2.2%, 31/1 372). The diagnostic coincidence rate in those patients with typical polypoid neoplasm under hysteroscopy was significantly higher than that in those patients without typical lesion (P＜0.05). Multiple polypoid neoplasm accounted for 77.8% (1 068/1 372) of endometrial polypoid lesion diagnosed by hysteroscopy, while the coincidence rate in those patients was 98.0% (1 047/1 068). Conclusions：The diagnostic coincidence rate of hysteroscopy and histopathology is high in those patients with typical endometrial neoplasm under hysteroscopy. The hysteroscopy combined with histopathology is the golden standard for the diagnosis of endometrial lesion.

Key words: Endometrium, Polyps, Hysteroscopes, Pathology, Infertility, female