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15 May 2015, Volume 34 Issue 3
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Protective Effect of Schizandrin B on Oxidative Damage Induced by BaP in HTR8-SVneo Cells ZHANG Yan-yan;HOU Hai-yan;CHEN Xiao;CHEN Ya-qiong 2015, 34 (3):  181-183.  Abstract ( 1475 )   PDF (483KB) ( 7809 )   Objective: To study the oxidative damage of benzo[a]pyrene（BaP） in HTR8-SVneo cells, and to explore the protective effect of Schizandrin B（Sch B）. Methods：The HTR8-SVneo cells were in vitro cultured, and the oxidative stress damage model was induced by BaP of different doses （0.1，0.5，2.0 μmol/L）. The experiment were designed as the control group, the BaP group, and the Sch B（0.1，0.5，2.0 μmol/L） groups. The oxydic parameters and antioxidative indexes were detected. Results：Compared with control group，the BaP group had significantly lower levels of GSH-Px and SOD and higher levels of LDH，MDA，NO and iNOS（P＜0.05）. The Sch B groups（0.1,0.5,2.0 μmol/L） had significantly higher levels of SOD and GSH-Px and lower levels of LDH，MDA，NO and iNOS than the BaP group（P＜0.05）. Conclusions：Sch B can rebalance between oxidation and anti-oxidation in the HTR8-SVneo cells treated by BaP， suggesting the protective effects of Sch B on oxidative damage. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Bisphenol A on the Oocyte Chromosome Non-disjunction in iNos-/- Mice ZHANG Jin-wen;DU Chun-hai;ZHANG Jie 2015, 34 (3):  184-188.  Abstract ( 1588 )   PDF (1964KB) ( 7702 )   Objective: To explore the effects of bisphenol A （bisphenol A, BPA） on the oocyte chromosome non-disjunction in iNos-/- mice. Methods：Female iNos+/+ mice and iNos-/- mice, aged 20-22 days, were treated with BPA （100 or 200 μg/kg body weight per day） by intragastric administration for 13 days. The isopyknic corn oil was used as control. Results：In the iNos+/+ mice groups, the numbers of aneuploidy oocytes at metaphase MⅡ were not increased by BPA treatment. Interestingly, the numbers of those oocytes with the error-prone chromosome segregation and the precocious chromatid separation in the iNos-/- mice groups were significantly increased by BPA treatment. Meanwhile, the expressions of polo-like kinase-1（PLK1） and RAN GTPase（RAN） in oocytes of the iNos-/- mice were significantly down-regulated by BPA treatment. Conclusions：iNos has a direct or indirect protection against the faithful chromosome segregation during meiosis, possibly by maintaining stable expression of PLK1 and RAN in mammalian oocytes. BPA exposure at low level may induce chromosomal aberrations in those oocytes of iNos-/- mice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Mono-（2-ethylhexyl） Phthalate on Steroidogenesis in Human Granulosa Cells CAI Xiao-hui;SHI Cheng;SHEN Huan. 2015, 34 (3):  189-192.  Abstract ( 1593 )   PDF (742KB) ( 7732 )   Objective: To investigate the toxic effect of mono-（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate（MEHP） on steroidogenesis in human granulosa cells（GCs）. Methods：Follicular fluid were collected from six patients undergoing in vitro fertilization. GCs were extracted and cultured in vitro for 72 hours, and then treated with MEHP （25，300，500 μmol/L）. After treatment for 48 hours，the expression levels of CYP11A1，PPAR-γ，CYP19A1 and 3β-HSD mRNAs were determined by real-time PCR. Results：The expression of CYP19A1 mRNA in GCs was significantly down-regulated by MEHP treatment of 300 μmol/L and 500 μmol/L（P＜0．05）, and the expression of CYP11A1 was significantly down-regulated by MEHP treatment of 500 μmol/L（P＜0．05）. Also, the expression of 3β-HSD mRNA was decreased by 500 μmol/L MEHP treatment（P＜0．05）, while PPAR-γ expression was increased by 300 μmol/L and 500 μmol/L MEHP treatment（P＜0.05）． Conclusions：MEHP at higher doses affects steroidogenesis in GCs by down-regulating the expressions of steroid biosynthesis enzymes CYP19A1，CYP11A1 and 3β-HSD, and by up-regulating the expression of PPAR-γ. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Estrogen and its Receptor Modulators on NF-κB and MMP-9 Expression in Thoracic Aorta Tissues of Castrated APOE-/- Mice CHEN Ying;ZHAO Huan-ying;REN Xin-yu 2015, 34 (3):  193-195.  Abstract ( 1591 )   PDF (571KB) ( 7668 )   Objective: To observe the effects of estrogen and its receptor modulators on the expressions of NF-κB and MMP-9 mRNAs in the thoracic aorta tissues of the castrated APOE-/- mice. Methods: The model of atherosclerotic plaque was developed by 44 castrated APOE-/- mice. These mice were randomly divided into 6 groups:①the control group: saline 0.2 mL/d;②the HT group：progynova 0.13 mL/d plus dydro-gesterone 0.13 mL/d；③the ICI+E2 group：ICI subcutaneous injection 0.13 mL/week plus progynova 0.13 mL/d；④the ICI+HT group：ICI subcutaneous injection 0.13 mL/week, progynova 0.13 mL/d plus dydro-gesterone 0.13 mL/d; ⑤the PHTTP+E2 group：progynova 0.13 mL/d plus PHTTP 0.13 mL/d；⑥the PHTTP+HT group：progynova 0.13 mL/d plus dydro-gesterone 0.13 mL/d plus PHTTP 0.13 mL/d. After 8 weeks treatment，total RNA were extracted from the atheroselerotic plaque tissues. Expressions of NF- κB and MMP-9 mRNAs were detect using real-time PCR. Results: There was not significant difference in the expression of MMP-9 mRNA among 6 groups（P＞0.05）, while there was significant difference in NF-κB mRNA among 6 groups（P＜0.05）. Compared with the control group, the PHTTP+E2 group and the PHTTP+HT group had significantly higher expressions of NF- κB mRNAs（P=0.047和P=0.035）. The NF-κB expression in the ICI+HT group was significantly lower than that in the PHTTP+HT group（P=0.028）. However, there were not significantly differences in NF-κB expression among the control group, HT group, ICI+E2 group and ICI + HT group（compared with the control group, the values of P were 0.072,0.068 and 0.054, respectively）. Conclusions: The hormone replacement therapy mediated by ERα（PHTTP+E2 and PHTTP+HT） increases the expression of NF-κB in atherosclerotic tissues，which indicated that ERα might increase the instability of atherosclerotic. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Low-dose hCG Combined with hMG in Ovulation Induction of Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism WANG Guo-ping;WU Rui-fang;HE Fang 2015, 34 (3):  196-198.  Abstract ( 1698 )   PDF (535KB) ( 7656 )   Objective: To explore the application of the low-dose human chorionic gonadotropin（hCG）combined with human menopausal gonadotropin（hMG） in ovulation induction for those patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism（HH）. Methods: 11 cases of HH（23 cycles total) received the low-dose hCG（100～200 IU/d） combined with hMG（150 IU/d） for ovulation induction from the fifth day of cycle, as the study group. 5 cases of HH (9 cycles total), as the control group, received only hMG（150 IU/d） for ovulation induction. Total dose of hMG，ovulation stimulate days，the number of oocyte with mean diameter ≥18 mm, the endometrium thickness on the day of induced ovulation and the pregnancy rate of induction cycle were compared. Results: ① There were not significant differences in age，BMI，the number of oocyte with mean diameter ≥18 mm, the endometrium thickness on the day of induced ovulation and the pregnancy rate of induction cycle between 2 groups（P＞0.05）.②Total dose of hMG in induction cycle in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group[（1 829.35±625.35）IU vs. （2 408.33±263.69 IU），P＜0.05]. ③The continued days of ovulation induction in the study group were significantly less than those in the control group[（15.04±2.94）d vs.（22.89±1.96）d，P＜0.001]. Conclusions: The low-dose hCG combined with hMG in ovulation induction for patients with HH can decrease the dose of hMG and shorten the days of ovulation induction stimulate, with the high pregnancy rate of induction cycle. Related Articles | Metrics

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Different Ovarian Stimulation Protocols in 164 Patients with Poor Ovarian Response LYU Cui-ting;GUO Li-na;ZHEN Xiu-li;ZHANG Na;LIU Fu-quan 2015, 34 (3):  199-202.  Abstract ( 1656 )   PDF (629KB) ( 7759 )   Objective: To analyse the clinical characteristics of those patients with poor ovarian response（POR） diagnosed according to the Bologna Criteria in IVF-ET, and compare the clinical outcomes of different ovarian stimulation protocols, so as to evaluate therapeutic schedules for POR patients. Methods：The clinical data of 186 cycles in 164 patients undergone IVF-ET in our center from December 2010 to October 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Those cycles were divided into 3 groups according to ovarian stimulation protocols: the long GnRHa protocol group（186 cycles）, the short GnRHa protocol group （41 cycles） and the mini-stimulation protocol group（59 cycles）. The clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared among three groups. Results：In 164 patients, 112 patients（６８．３％） were aged ＜40, 21 cases （１２．８％） suffered from endometriosis and 5 cases （３％） pelvic tuberculosis, while 28 cases （１７．１％） had the pelvic operation history. The days and the amounts of Gn in the mini-stimulation protocol group were significantly less than those in other two groups （Ｐ＜０．０５）. The mean number of collected oocytes in the mini-stimulation protocol group was significantly lower than that in the long GnRHa protocol group, and the rate of frozen embryos was significantly higher（both P＜0.05）; but there were not significant differences between the mini-stimulation protocol group and the short GnRHa protocol group（both P＞0.05）. Conclusions：The mini-stimulation protocol is an preferable option for POR patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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Levels of Testosterone in Serum and Follicular Fluid Associated with Clinical Outcomes of IVF-ET TIAN Dong-mei;ZHUANG Jing;REN Jie;ZHANG Xia;ZHU Ming-hui 2015, 34 (3):  203-205.  Abstract ( 1603 )   PDF (496KB) ( 7678 )   Objective: To explore the relationship between the testosterone（T） levels in serum and follicular fluid and the outcomes of stimulation in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer（IVF-ET） cycle. Methods: Data was collected from 43 patients who received IVF/ intracytoplasmic sperm injection（ICSI） treatment between May and August in 2011 at our center. T levels in serum and follicular fluid were detected by chemiluminiscence ELISA. ①43 patients were divided into 3 groups by the number of harvested oocytes: group L（1-5 oocytes）, group M （6-15 oocytes） and group H （＞15 oocytes）. T levels, the fertilization rate and the clinical pregnancy rate were compared among three groups. ②43 patients were divided into the pregnant group and the non-pregnant group. T levels were then compared. Results: ①There were not significant differences in the follicular fluid T levels and the basal serum T level among three groups（P＞0.05）. There were significant differences in the serum T levels on the day of hCG administration among three groups（P＜0.05）. T level on the day of hCG administration in the H group was significantly higher than that in the M group（P=0.010） and the L group（P=0.001）. However, there were not significant differences in the serum T levels at other time points of COH among three groups（P＞0.05）. ②There were not significant differences in the fertilization rate and the rate of high quality embryo among three groups （P＞0.05）, however there was significant difference in the clinical pregnancy rate （P＜0.05）. ③The serum T level on the day of ovum pick-up in the pregnant group was significantly higher than that in the non-pregnant group （P＜0.05）; however there was not significant difference in the T level of follicular fluid（P＞0.05）. Conclusions: During the IVF-ET treatment, the basal level of serum T can not predict ovarian response and pregnancy outcome; however the T level on the day of hCG administration could be a parameter，to predict ovarian response. The serum T level on the day of ovum pick-up is associated with pregnancy outcome; however, the T in the follicular fluid is not associated with pregnancy outcome. Related Articles | Metrics

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Pregnancy Outcome of IVF Patients with High E2 Level after Repeated Pituitary Down-Regulation WANG Jing;LIU Yu-sheng;HUANG Ling-li;ZHENG Sheng-xia 2015, 34 (3):  206-208.  Abstract ( 1763 )   PDF (478KB) ( 7708 )   Objective: To investigate the pregnancy outcome of those IVF patients with high E2 level after the repeated pituitary down-regulation with the long protocol. Methods：It is a retrospective study. Six IVF patients whose E2 levels did not match the criteria after the repeated pituitary down-regulation with long protocol were analyzed, from January 2012 to August 2014. Results：Four patients were treated with direct COH, and two patients had clinical pregnancy. One patient had clinical pregnancy after changing to the mini-stimulation protocol. One patient had clinical pregnancy after using LE and COH. Conclusions：Those IVF patients with E2 level not reaching the criteria after the repeated pituitary down-regulation could obtain ideal pregnancy outcome through regulating their protocols of induced ovulation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of the Collected Oocytes by Controlled Ovarian Stimulation （Long GnRHa Protocol） on Clinical Outcomes of ICSI ZHANG Wen-hong;LONG Xiao-lin;DU Hong-zi;LI Li;HUANG Yu-ling;SUN Yuan;LIU Jian-qiao 2015, 34 (3):  209-211.  Abstract ( 1796 )   PDF (510KB) ( 7693 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of the collected oocytes by controlled ovarian stimulation（COS, long GnRHa protocol) on the clinical outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection（ICSI）. Methods：All couples （1 042 cycles） who underwent ICSI because of male factor were involved in this retrospective study，from January 2007 to June 2013 in our center. Those cycles were divided into 4 groups according to the number of collected oocytes: G1 as ≤4 oocytes（90 cycles），G2 as 5-10（368 cycles），G3 as 11-20 oocytes（449 cycles） and G4 as ≥21 oocytes（135 cycles）. Results：In the ICSI treatment cycle，the mean age in G1 was highest among 4 groups（P＜0.01），while 57.8% women were aged ＜35. The total fertilization failure（TFF） rate in G1, the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome（OHSS） rate in G4 and the rates of cancelled transfer cycles in G1 and G4 were significantly higher than those in G2 and G3（P＜0.01）. The rate of clinical pregnancy in G1 was the lowest in 4 groups（31.3%，P＜0.05）. The rate of clinical pregnancy, the implant rate and the live birth rate in G3 were the highest in 4 groups（P＜0.05）. Conclusions：In the ICSI treatment cycle, the number of collected oocytes lower than 4 has negative effect on fertilization; the collected oocytes between 11 to 20 have good clinical outcomes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Outcomes of 41 Balanced Reciprocal Translocation Carriers Undergoing Conventional IVF/ICSI-ET CAI Jing;LIU Hong-jie;SHEN Shu-qiu;LIN Qi;MAI Wen-ting;YIN Biao;ZOU Shu-ling;YE Yan-ping;ZENG Yong 2015, 34 (3):  212-216.  Abstract ( 1696 )   PDF (674KB) ( 7718 )   Objective: To evaluate the pregnancy outcomes of those patients with balanced reciprocal translocations after conventional in vitro fertilization （ＩＶＦ） or intracytoplasmic sperm injection （ＩＣＳＩ）, and to provide valuable reference for genetic counseling and assisted reproductive technology （ART） treatment. Methods：Forty-one patients with balanced reciprocal translocation （the study grouｐ) and 751 couples with normal karyotypes (the control group) were included. Clinical pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results：In the study group, 24 patients were treated with IVF, while other patients treated with ICSI. Additionally, 28 patients were diagnosed as primary infertility, and 11 patients had a history of adverse pregnancy or childbearing. There were not significant differences in the maternal age, number of retrieved oocytes, number of MⅡ oocytes, number of transferred embryo, clinical pregnancy rate, late abortion rate, ectopic pregnancy rate, fetal malformation rate, stillbirth rate, live birth rate, live birth rate per ovum pick-up （OPU） cycle between the two groups （Ｐ＞０．０５）． However, there was significant differences in the embryo implantation rate and early miscarriage rate （P＜0.05）． Nineteen patients in the study group delivered a total of 22 babies in 27 pregnancy cycles. Conclusions：Those balanced reciprocal translocation carrier could achieve an ideal pregnancy outcome when treated with conventional IVF/ICSI and prenatal diagnosis which is an economical and effective treatment for those patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Female Overweight and Obesity on IVF-ET Outcomes WU Hai-xia;PAN Jia-ping;TENG Xiao-ming 2015, 34 (3):  217-219.  Abstract ( 1554 )   PDF (449KB) ( 7742 )   Objective: To assess the effect of female overweight and obesity on the clinical outcomes of in vitro fertilization-embryo transferation (IVF-ET). Methods：This is a retrospective study of 516 women aged ＜38 years undergoing nondonor IVF cycles in a university affiliated hospital. They were classified into two groups: the normal weight group（Group A: BMI 18.5～24.9 kg/m2, n=467） and the overweight and obese group （Group B: BMI≥25 kg/m2, n=49）. Clinical treatment and outcomes（fertilization, implantation, pregnancy, miscarriage and live birth rate） were compared. Results：The total dose of gonadotrophin（Gn） and stimulation days in group B were significantly larger than those in group A（P＜0.05）, while the E2 level on the day of hCG administration in group B was significantly lower（P＜0.05）. There were not significant differences in the number of harvested oocytes, the implantation rate, the clinical pregnancy rate and the live birth rate between two groups（P＞0.05）. Interestingly, the fertilization rate in group A was significantly higher than that in group B（χ2=8.102，P=0.004）. Conclusions：Female overweight and obesity results in the prolonged Gn stimulation, the increased dose of Gn and the lowered fertilization rate, which had negative effect on IVF outcomes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Risk Factors of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome and its Effect on Pregnancy Outcomes HUANG Jia-jia;YANG Fang;YANG Jian-zhi 2015, 34 (3):  220-224.  Abstract ( 1508 )   PDF (671KB) ( 7738 )   Objective: To investigate the risk factors of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome（OHSS） in those patients during the controlled ovarian hyperstimulation（ＣＯＨ） by a retrospective analysis, and compare further the early-onset OHSS and late-onset OHSS. Methods：Thirty six patients were hospitalized due to the moderate to severe OHSS from June 2002 to August 2010, including 25 early-onset OHSS patients and 11 late-onset OHSS patients. The high risk group included 76 patients who had the whole-embryo freezing or the one-embryo transfer due to their high risks of OHSS and did not suffer from OHSS. The control group included other 61 patients who had similar basic characteristics to the OHSS group，transferred more than 2 embryos and did not have OHSS. The level of serum estradiol was measured on the hCG injection day. The number of punctured follicle and the number of retrieved oocyte were counted. Results：① Patients with the early OHSS had higher E2 level on the hCG day than those patients with the late OHSS. ②The E2 levels on the hCG day and the numbers of oocyte in both the OHSS groups and the high risk group were higher than those in the control group. ③ There was significant difference in the number of retrieved oocyte among groups, while the OHSS group had significantly less retrieved oocyte than the high risk group. Conclusions：①The elevated level of E2 on the hCG day can be used as a auxiliary predictive factor for OHSS. ②The numbers of punctured follicle and harvested oocyte are sensitive factors for predicting OHSS. ③Multiple follicle development, especially many middle and small follicles, increases the risk of OHSS. Related Articles | Metrics

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Karyotype Analysis of Amniotic Fluid in 1 984 Cases WEI Shu-yan;YANG Hui-xin;FENG Ji-zhen;WANG Ya-fan;JIA Li-yun;LI Yang 2015, 34 (3):  225-227.  Abstract ( 1656 )   PDF (482KB) ( 7660 )   Objective: To analyze retrospectively the karyotypes of amniotic fluid, and to study the relationship between the distortion of chromosome number or structure and fetal abnormalities. Methods： 1 984 pregnant women with the high risks under prenatal screening were asked to test the karyotypes of amniotic fluid in their pregnant weeks of 17 to 23, with the informed consent. Results：In 1 984 cases, there were 49 cases （２．47％） with abnormal karyotypes, including 31 cases（１．５６％） with the number abnormalities （27 cases with autosome number distortion and 4 cases with sex chromosome number distortion）, 12 cases（0.60%） with the structural abnormalities（9 cases with the chromosome balanced translocation and 3 cases with unbalanced translocation） and 6 cases（０．３０％） with chimera. There were 226 cases（１１．３９％） with the chromosomal polymorphism mutation, including 20 cases (1.01%) with 9 chromosome percentric inversion, 78 cases（３．９３％） with the satellite and petit polymorphism mutation of D/G group chromosome, 72 cases（３．６３％） with the secondary constriction polymorphism mutation and 56 cases（２．８２％） with big or small Y chromosome. Conclusions：Karyotype examination of amniotic fluid is very important for the diagnosis of fetal chromosomal diseases, especially for those pregnant women with the high risks under prenatal screening. Besides, it is helpful to evaluate the pregnancy outcomes and fetal genetic health. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Air Pollutants on Mammalian Reproduction and Embryo Development XU Fei-fei;MA Da-hua;DING Zhi-de 2015, 34 (3):  229-233.  Abstract ( 1485 )   PDF (950KB) ( 7765 )   Human life and health has been damaged by the growing air pollution. The epidemiologic studies showed that the serious atmospheric pollution had multiple negative impacts on reproductive system. For male，damage from pollution shows the reduced testis size and weight，the decreased sperm concentration and total sperm count，the lowered sperm motility，and even abnormal morphology of spermatozoa and aberration of chromatin structures and DNA fragmentation, which leads to dysfunction of reproductive system and male infertility. For female，air pollution are related to abnormal ovarian structure and function，dysplastic germ cell，the lowered ovulation rate and the disorder of estrogen secretion. Moreover，long-term exposure to air pollution can cause the increased abortion rate and fetal malformation. We reviewed the research advances in the effects of main air pollutants on male and female reproductive system，reproductive cells，reproductive function and embryo development. Related Articles | Metrics

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Reprogramming in Oocyte Development and Fertilization and its Effect on the Reprogramming in Male Pronucleus SUN Le;DING Zhi-de 2015, 34 (3):  234-238.  Abstract ( 1535 )   PDF (837KB) ( 7671 )   Reprogramming in mammalian cell development is currently a scientific hotspot of cell biology，translational medicine，and so on，due to its extensive prospect of application in somatic cell nuclear transplantation（SCNT），induced pluriponent stem cell（iPS） and regenerative medicine. Epigenetic modification is major reprogramming，including DNA methylation，histone post-translational modifications，genomic imprinting，non-coding RNAs，and so on，which regulates genome expression via different mechanisms. For instance, the development and maturation of oocyte is closely associated with the de novo methylation of genome, demethylation of meiosis genes, post-translational histone modifications, etc. Besides, the oocyte provides an optimal reprogramming environment for the demethylation and other reprogramming processes of male pronucleus genome via their reciprocal interactions. The reprogramming in oocyte development and further fertilization，as well as its significance in embryonic development, was reviewed, and the effect of oocyte′s environment on the reprogramming of penetrated male pronucleus during natural fertilization was also discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Progesterone on Endometrium，Oocyte and Embryo Development GU Jian-mei;ZHAO Jun-zhao 2015, 34 (3):  239-242.  Abstract ( 1844 )   PDF (525KB) ( 7692 )   Progesterone，as a female hormone，plays a key role in human reproduction. Progesterone participates in regulating the oocyte development and maturation，ovulation，embry development and implantation, and pregnant maintenance. It was found that the inadequate progesterone could be one of causes of early abortion. Progesterone regulates the uterine receptivity for implantation and an optimal uterine environment for embryonic development. Progesterone also has positive effects on oocyte maturation and quality by regulating LH pulsatility and its receptor, and the development of dominant follicle. In addition，progesterone has a direct effect on the embryo development. In in vitro cultured embryos，progesterone supplementation increased the blastocyst rate and the implantation rate. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of progesterone have been well studied, and synthetic progesterone has already been used in clinic. However, there were still much controversy in pathophysiological mechanisms of progesterone. This review summarizes the effects of progesterone on uterine endometrium，oocyte and embryo development. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening ZHANG Jing;LYU Rui;LYU Yong-huan;SONG Xue-ru;ZHAO Xiao-hui;BAI Xiao-hong 2015, 34 (3):  243-247.  Abstract ( 1745 )   PDF (676KB) ( 7803 )   Preimplantation genetic diagnosis /preimplantation genetic screening（PGD/PGS） is a low-risk technique of early preimplantation detection developed in recent 20 years. It needs to do firstly the biopsy oocyte or preimplantation embryo，then to analyze genetic information by molecular biological technique. At last, those normal embryos were chosen for transplantation. PGD/PGS can avoid the pregnancies of those genetically sick babies，improve the pregnancy rate and the live-birth rate，and can reduce the miscarriage rate and the multiple-gestation rate. This technique is mainly used for the elderly，recurrent miscarriage，repeated implantation failure patients and the couples with high-risk genetic diseases. We summarized those methods used in PGD/PGS, including FISH，PCR，CGH，array-CGH，array-SNP and high-throughput sequencing. All kinds of methods have their own application fields, merits and shortcomings. The single-celled high-throughput sequencing technology shows its obvious advantage in high sensitivity，accuracy and flexibility，which should become a powerful detection means in PGD/PGS with its further development and maturation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Trehalose in Fertility Preservation TIAN Ting;ZHOU Ping 2015, 34 (3):  248-250.  Abstract ( 1637 )   PDF (460KB) ( 7724 )   The survival rate of cancer patients has been greatly improved with the advance in diagnosis and treatment technology, however, their fertility is damaged, even lost, by the radiotherapy and chemotherapy. How to effectively preserve fertility is a hot issue in recent years. Trehalose, a disaccharide with special biological properties，is used as a non-permeable cryoprotectant which effectively protect the activities of proteins and other macromolecules in a dry，dehydration，freezing and other harsh conditions. With the research progress，trehalose has been widely used in the medical field，such as the preservation of fertility. Some scholars tried to use it for saving sperm，spermatogonial stem cells，oocytes，embryos，ovarian tissue and testicular tissue, and achieved remarkable results. This review focuses on the biological properties of trehalose，potential mechanism and the research progress of its application in fertility preservation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Recent Progress of Medicine for Endometrial Hypoplasia SUN Yang;LIANG Jing;LAN Xiao-xia;HOU Hai-yan;CHEN Ya-qiong 2015, 34 (3):  251-254.  Abstract ( 1745 )   PDF (600KB) ( 7728 )   It is difficult to treat the endometrial dysplasia in assisted reproductive technology due to the reduced endometrial receptivity. Most causes of the endometrial dysplasia are previous abortion, artificial abortion or other diseases (such as tuberculosis history). There are many types of treatment to improve endometrial receptivity, and more and more treatment methods were also used, such as stem cells, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, 5-phosphate diesterase inhibitors (viagra, etc), femoston, a small dose of aspirin, growth hormone and traditional Chinese medicine. These treatment methods achieved good curative effect including the improved endometrial receptivity and the increased clinical pregnancy rate in some patients. This review summarized the treatment of endometrial dysplasia with Chinese and western medicine, as well as recent progress. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in Endometriosis Treatment HE Ye;WEI Zhao-lian 2015, 34 (3):  255-259.  Abstract ( 1791 )   PDF (670KB) ( 7658 )   Endometriosis, a chronic and estrogen-dependent benign disease which is defined as the endometrium tissue with glands and stroma located abnormally in any other tissue out of uterus, affects women in the reproductive age. Its clinical features include dysmenorrhea，chronic pelvic pain, infertility and menstrual disorder, which have finally negative effects on the quality of life. However, the exact pathogenic mechanisms have not been entirely clarified. Conventional medical therapies often have only modest success and numerous side effects；the recurrence rate of surgical therapy is relatively high. With the research progress in the last decades，it is pointed out that endometriosis is a complicated multifactorial syndrome. New concepts of endometriosis treatment include antiproliferative and antiangiogenic agents，anti-inflammatory drugs，selective estrogen receptor agonists, and the potential application of stem cells. As for those endometriosis-associated infertilities, the in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer is currently the most effective treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

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RNA Interference and Cervical Cancer Radiosensitivity Related Genes WANG Qiu-ming;DANG Qun 2015, 34 (3):  260-264.  Abstract ( 1558 )   PDF (1309KB) ( 7701 )   Cervical cancer is a common gynecologic malignant tumor with the increasing morbidity and the transition of young age. Radiotherapy is an important treatment of cervical cancer. For those patients withⅠa1 to Ⅱa2 stage cervical cancer, radical surgery alone has the similar effect with the radical chemoradiotherapy. For those patients with Ⅱb to Ⅳa stage cervical cancer, the concurrent chemoradiotherapy is the main treatment. With the development of radiotherapy equipment, the radiotherapy curative effect has been well improved. However, there are some patients being not sensitive to radiation with poor prognosis. Changes of multiple genes and moleculars were found to be associated with the radiosensitivity of cervical cancer. RNA interference（ＲＮＡｉ） has been studied to increase the radiosensitivity of many cancer as a potential clinical application. In this paper, RNAi of several particular genes, so as to increase the radiosensitivity of cervical cancer, are reviewed. Related Articles | Metrics