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15 January 2020, Volume 39 Issue 1
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Study on the Cytotoxicity of BPDE and Protective Effect of Schizandrin B in HTR8/SVneo Cells LIANG Jing, HOU Hai-yan, WANG Meng, SUN Yang, CHEN Ya-qiong 2020, 39 (1):  5-11.  Abstract ( 1274 )   PDF (3454KB) ( 9075 )   Objective：To explore the cytotoxicity of dihydrodiol benzobenzopyrene [7, 8 dihydrodiol 9,10 epoxidebenzo(a) pyrene , BPDE], a metabolite of Benzo(a) pyrene (BaP), in human choriotrophoblastic cell line (HTR-8/SVneo cell).  The protective effect of Schisandrin B (Sch B) on the cell injury induced by BPDE was also investigated. Methods: HTR-8/SVneo cells were used to construct a model of BPDE cytotoxity and a model of Sch B protection. The cell proliferation was tested by MTS in two groups: one group was treated by different concentrations of BPDE alone; another was treated by Sch B combined with BPDE administration. Results: 5 μmol/L of BPDE significantly reduced the cell viability, and the number of living cells was only 38.23% of the total cells. The cells were pretreated with different concentrations of Schisandrin B (0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 μmol/L), and followed by BPDE. The cell viability increased significantly (40.11%, 42.68%, 46.47%, 47.34%, 61.37% and 49.87%, respectively), which suggested a dose-dependent manner of protective effect of Sch B from 0.625 μmol/L to 10 μmol/L. Conclusions: BPDE has a toxic effect on HTR-8/SVneo cells in a dose-dependent manner; while Sch B (0.625-10 μ mol/L) has a protective effect on the cell injury induced by BPDE. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Two Endometrial Preparation Regimens on the Expressions of Endometrial Progesterone Receptor and Integrin αⅤβ3 in Patients with Repeated Implantation Failure XU Hong，KANG Xiao-ling，XU Li-qing，ZHU Xiu-lan，ZHANG Xi-qian 2020, 39 (1):  12-14.  Abstract ( 1312 )   PDF (943KB) ( 9073 )   Objective：To compare the effects of natural cycle (NC) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) cycle on the expressions of endometrial progesterone receptor (PR) and integrin αⅤβ3 in patients with Repeated Implantation Failure (RIF), so as to explore the effects of these two endometrial preparation regimens on the endometrial receptivity during the implantation window. Methods: The endometrial specimens during mid-luteal phase were collected from 25 patients with NC cycle and 18 patients with HRT cycle. The expression levels of integrin αⅤβ3 and PR were detected by immunohistochemical method. Results: There were no significant differences in the mean H-scores of PR and integrin αⅤβ3 expression in endometrial glandular epithelial cells, and PR expression in stromal cells, between the NC regimen group and the HRT regimen group (P＞0.05). Conclusions: There are no significant differences in the effects of NC regimen and HRT regimen on the endometrial receptivity during the implantation window, suggesting that these two endometrial preparation protocols are suitable for patients with RIF. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Dalteparin Sodium in Patients with Repeated Implantation Failure Caused by Prethrombotic State ZHANG Lei, LI Hui-juan,QI Wei-ting, ZHAO Pan-lin 2020, 39 (1):  15-17.  Abstract ( 1361 )   PDF (864KB) ( 9116 )   Objective: To investigate the clinical application of dalteparin sodium in patients with the repeated implantation failure caused by prethrombotic state． Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 125 patients with the repeated implantation failure in their 135 cycles of IVF-ET from January 2017 to December 2018． The patients were divided into the two groups: the observation group (58 cases, 62 cycles) was treated with routine luteal support therapy and dalteparin sodium during pregnancy; and the control group (67 cases, 73 cycles) was treated with only luteal support therapy. The pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results: There were no significant differences in the age, body mass index, number of previous transplantation failures, number of embryo transplantation and basic FSH value between the two groups (P＞0.05). The clinical pregnancy rate and embryo implantation rate in the observation group were higher than those in the control group（37.1% vs. 21.6%, 36.5% vs. 23.4%）, and the abortion rate was lower (8.7% vs. 11.8%). The difference of embryo implantation rate was statistically significant (P＜0.05). During the treatment period in the observation group, there were 6 patients with a small amount of vaginal bleeding, and 2 patients with the mild transaminase increase. The level of transaminase returned to normal after heteropathy. Conclusions: Dalteparin sodium with a higher safety can significantly improve the outcome of re-thawed embryo transplantation in patients with prethrombotic status. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Relevant Factors of Biochemical Pregnancy during Freeze-Thaw Embryo Transfer MA Zhi-yuan，WANG Li-yuan，TU Zeng-rong，TIAN Xiu-zhu 2020, 39 (1):  18-21.  Abstract ( 1329 )   PDF (897KB) ( 9165 )   Objective：To explore the related factors of biochemical pregnancy during freeze-thaw embryo transfer (FET) in assisted reproductive technology. Methods：A total of 120 cases of biochemical pregnancy undergoing FET treatment in our reproductive center were included in this retrospective study, from January 2012 to October 2016. The control group included 110 cases of clinical pregnancy and successful delivery in the same period. The general situation, infertility factors, endometrial preparation, fertilization methods and embryo transfer were compared between the two groups. The factors with statistical and clinical significance were selected for multivariate logistic regression. Results：In patients with history of spontaneous abortion, the risk of biochemical pregnancy was significantly increased(OR=2.182，95%CI：1.058-4.501, P＜0.05). The risk of biochemical pregnancy in the cases with ≥2 embryos transferred was lower than that in those cases with ＜2 embryos transferred(OR=0.081，95%CI：0.010-0.674, P＜0.05). The risk in the cases with at least one high-quality embryo transferred was also significantly lower(OR=0.473，95%CI：0.268-0.834, P＜0.05). Conclusions：The history of spontaneous abortion is a risk factor of biochemical pregnancy. The number of  ≥2 transferred embryos and the transfer of high-quality embryo are two protective factors of biochemical pregnancy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Predictive Value of Fertility Index in Pregnancy Outcome of In Vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer after Chocolate Cyst Removal KANG Wei-wei, XIAO Xi-feng, LI Mao, MA Yuan, HUANG Jian-lei, HE Xiao, SUN Dan 2020, 39 (1):  22-25.  Abstract ( 1397 )   PDF (940KB) ( 9065 )   Objective: To assess the predictive value of fertility index in the pregnancy outcome of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) after chocolate cyst removal in patients with endometriosis. Methods: From Jan. 1，2016 to Dec. 31, 2018, 93 infertility patients underwent the laparoscopic ovarian chocolate cyst removal and IVF-ET treatment after operation in our hospital. The clinical data were recorded. On the basis of pregnancy outcomes, the patients were divided into the non-pregnant group and the pregnant group. The basic data, AMH value and EFI score were compared between the two groups. The predictive value of EFI score for pregnancy outcome was evaluate by multivariate analysis and ROC curve. Results: There were significant differences in the AMH level and EFI score between the two groups (P＜0.05). EFI score is an independent factor affecting pregnancy outcome in those patients with similar basic data. The higher EFI score, the higher pregnancy rate. The area under curve (AUC) of the ROC curve of EFI was 0.709 (95%CI: 0.604-0.814). The critical value of this AUC was 5.5, with the sensitivity of 0.867 and the specificity of 0.521. The AUC of the ROC curve of EFI combined with postoperative AMH was 0.793 (95%CI: 0.626-0.833), and its critical value was 5.5, with the sensitivity of 0.867 and the specificity of 0.521. There were no differences in the specificity and the sensitivity between EFI score predicting alone and EFI score combined with postoperation AMH (P=0.125). Conclusions: EFI score can be used to predict the pregnancy outcome of IVF-ET after operation. When EFI score is greater than 5.5, the pregnancy rate of IVF-ET will increase significantly. Patients with low EFI score should be fully evaluated before IVF-ET treatment, and the strategy of ovarian stimulation for those patients should be carefully selected. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Next Generation Sequencing in Testing the Chromosomal Abnormalities of Spontaneous Abortion Villi GUO Li-na，ZHAO Min-ying，LIU Pan 2020, 39 (1):  26-29.  Abstract ( 1512 )   PDF (1105KB) ( 9021 )   Objective: To investigate the application of next generation sequencing in testing the chromosome abnormalities of spontaneous abortion villus. Methods: Thirty-nine villi samples of spontaneous abortion were extracted for the high-throughput sequencing from March 2018 to March 2019. The classical karyotype analysis was used as the control of high-throughput sequencing. Results: In classical karyotype analysis, chromosome abnormalities were found in 21 cases (53.85%), no obvious abnormality in 14 cases (35.90%), and testing failure occurred in 4 cases (10.26%). Among the 21 chromosome abnormalities, there were 11 aneuploid cases (52.38%), 5 monomer cases (23.81%), 3 tetrasomia cases (14.29%), and 2 cases of chromosome structural abnormalities (9.52%). In the high-throughput sequencing, chromosome abnormalities were found in 25 cases (64.10%), and no obvious chromosome abnormality in 14 cases (35.90%). In those 14 cases, there were 1 trisomy chimera and 2 copy number variations (CNVs). One case of CNVs was found in 4 testing failures. There was no significant difference in the detection rate between the two methods (χ2=2.250, P=0.134). Conclusions: The high-throughput sequencing is an efficient method to clarify the genetic factors of spontaneous abortion. As a powerful supplement for classical karyotype analysis, it is worthy of clinical promotion and wide application. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Obstetric Early Warning Score in Obstetric ICU-Admitted Patients PENG Lan，WU Xiao，CHAI Li-qiang 2020, 39 (1):  30-34.  Abstract ( 1496 )   PDF (1036KB) ( 9030 )   Objective：To evaluate the efficiency of the obstetric early warning score (OEWS) from Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre（ICNARC）Case Mix Program（CMP）（ICNARC-OEWS） for predicting the obstetric critical diseases in peripartal women who admitted to intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study on the peripartal women who admitted to ICU with direct and indirect obstetric-related causes at Suzhou Municipal Hospital from Jan 2015 to May 2018. According to ICNARC-OEWS, the score was calculated on the basis of the clinical data collected during the first 24 hours of ICU admission. The aggregate performance of ICNARC-OEWS in predicting the discrimination and risk stratification was evaluated. Results: During the study period, 67 148 deliveries were recorded. There were 214 women who admitted to obstetric ICU, with the rate of ICU admission 3.19/1 000. In total, there were 2 maternal death and 97 severe maternal morbidity, with the rates of the mortality and sever morbidity 2.98/100 000 and 1.44/1 000 respectively. The most frequent causes of ICU admission were the direct obstetrical-related conditions. The OEWS score was significantly higher in women with severe morbidity than those without [7 (6, 9) vs. 4 (1, 5)，Z=－10.340, P=0.000]. Peripartal women with normal OEWS had 0% severe morbidity. The negative predictive value (NPV) in women with 1-3 score of OEWS was 94.5% (52/55), while the positive predictive value (PPV) in women with ≥6 score of OEWS was 79% (83/105). The area under curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) based on OEWS was used to discriminate the severe maternal morbidity with the efficiency of 0.908 (95%CI: 0.870-0.946, P＜0.001). The AUC values were 0.875 (95%CI：0.784-0.966） and 0.920 (95%CI：0.879-0.961）in the ICU-admitted women with indirect factors and those women with direct factors, respectively (P＜0.001). Conclusions: Our results suggested that the performance of ICNARC-OEWS in the discrimination and risk stratification of severe maternal morbidity was good in those obstetric ICU-admitted women, and that the ICNARC-OEWS could be promoted to use in the obstetric ICU-admitted women. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influencing Factors of Sexual Dysfunction in Women with Human Papilloma Virus Infection LIU Ting-ting，KONG Wei-min, JIA Ning-yi, HAN Chao, HU Xiao-di, SONG Dan 2020, 39 (1):  35-39.  Abstract ( 2566 )   PDF (1016KB) ( 8999 )   Objective: To study the incidence of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) and its influencing factors in women with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. Methods: From May to July 2019, 300 HPV-positive patients were investigated using the general questionnaire and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). The FSD and related factors in those HPV-infected patients were analyzed. Results: Among 300 HPV-infected patients, the incidence of FSD was 81.00% (243/300), and the FSFI score was 17.34±9.73. Among the six dimensions of sexual function, the proportions of disorders from high to low were low sexual desire (82.00%), the decreased sexual satisfaction (69.00%), difficulty in arousing sex (66.67%), orgasm disorder (62.33%), sexual pain (52.00%) and vaginal lubrication difficulty (49.33%). There was significant difference in the incidence of FSD among the HPV-infected patients of different age, education level, occupation, income and anxiety (P＜0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age ＞40 years old (OR=7.747, 95%CI: 3.329-18.030, P＜0.001), high school/college degree and below (OR=4.029, 95%CI: 1.540-10.542, P=0.005), anxiety (OR=4.028, 95%CI: 1.713-9.472, P=0.001) were independent factors of FSD. Conclusions：The incidence of FSD in patients with HPV infection was higher, and the FSFI score was significantly lower. Among the six dimensions of sexual function, the incidence of low sexual desire was the highest. For those patients with age ＞40 years old, high school / college degree or below and anxiety, we should pay special attention to early identification and intervention to improve their quality of life. Related Articles | Metrics

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Survey on the Cognition of HPV and HPV Vaccine among Community Workers and Doctors in a Township of Shanghai SHE Qian，DING Yi-biao，WANG Yong，YAO Yu-ping 2020, 39 (1):  40-44.  Abstract ( 1453 )   PDF (921KB) ( 9146 )    Objective: To investigate the cognition and attitude towards HPV and HPV vaccination among community workers and primary medical stuffs in a township of Shanghai, and to provide some basic information for the HPV vaccine promotion. Methods：All stuffs from each neighborhood committee and medical stuffs from two Community Health Service Centers in Gaoqiao Township of Shanghai were investigated using the designed questionnaire. Results：On the whole, the basic knowledge of HPV in community doctors was better than that in community workers (P＜0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the knowledge of HPV transmission routes (81.81% vs. 85.79%) and risk factors (31.06% vs. 39.47%) between the two groups （P＞0.05）. Significant differences  were also found in the vaccination intention of themselves, sex partners or daughters; the acceptable sources, payment way and price, and the location of HPV vaccine injection between the two groups (P＜0.05). Community workers were more likely to vaccinate themselves or their spouses, and to accept the vaccine certified by the government and low cost. Relative with cancer (direct relative and collateral relative within three generations) was a factor associated with inoculate willingness (OR=4.006, 95%CI: 2.071-7.747, P=0.000). Conclusions：It is important to strengthen the knowledge of HPV prevention measures and infection factors among community workers and medical stuffs. The publicity of HPV vaccine should be focused on its safety and efficacy. The promotion of HPV vaccine should be based on the different background of population. The government should get involved in the procurement of vaccines, and manage the large-scale procurement. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on SIRT1 Improving Ovarian Reservation by Inhibiting Oocyte Senescence WANG Bao-juan，GONG Zheng，SONG Jia-yi，XIA Tian，MA Rui-hong 2020, 39 (1):  45-48.  Abstract ( 1393 )   PDF (946KB) ( 9102 )   The fertility decline caused by oocyte aging and the decreased ovarian reservation is a bottleneck problem in the field of reproduction，Improving ovarian reserve function is an important factor to improve the natural pregnancy rate and ART success rate of infertile women. It has been found that sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is an important player in regulating the key processes of oogenesis and cellular stress response. SIRT1 can inhibit oocyte senescence by regulating oocyte number, improving oocyte quality, inhibiting oxidative stress and regulating mitochondrial function. Therefore, SIRT1 can improve the ovarian reserve function and prolong ovarian life. SIRT1 can also increase the number of eggs, embryo formation rate and clinical pregnancy rate during assisted reproductive technology (ART). This paper reviews the research progress on SIRT1 in improving ovarian reserve function by inhibiting oocyte senescence. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in 47, XXX  Syndrome GUO Li-li, DING Jian-lin, JIA Jing, FENG Ling 2020, 39 (1):  49-53.  Abstract ( 1697 )   PDF (908KB) ( 9339 )   47, XXX is the most common female sex chromosome aneuploidy. It is characterized by the diverse phenotypes, without universal abnormities in physiology and psychology. Some of 47, XXX women even possess normal menstrual cycle and fertility. Therefore, although the incidence of XXX syndrome is high, the diagnostic rate is only about 10%. With the recent introduction of noninvasive prenatal screening, more and more diseases of sex chromosome aneuploidy have been diagnosed. It is necessary to know more about 47, XXX syndrome, so as to improve the diagnostic rate and to provide the genetic counseling. Here, we discussed the 47, XXX Syndrome including the pathophysiological mechanism, physical and psychological phenotype, neuroimaging features, genetic diagnosis, as well as the research progress of 47, XXX syndrome. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect and Regulation of Growth Differentiation Factor 9 on Ovarian Function ZHANG Yin-feng, WANG Hui-yan, ZHANG Yun-shan 2020, 39 (1):  54-58.  Abstract ( 1342 )   PDF (903KB) ( 9067 )   Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9) is a new member of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily. The role of GDF-9 as a factor secreted by oocyte has been broadly discussed in recent years. GDF-9 participates in regulating the differentiation and development of granulosa cells, the production of relative proteins and factors, the expression of genes related to the reproductive system, and the metabolism and apoptosis of ovarian cells. GDF-9 is therefore a vital factor of folliculogenesis, maturation of oocytes, ovulation and luteinization. Furthermore, BMP-15 is another oocyte-derived factor which shares high-homologous amino acid sequences and similar protein structure with GDF-9. GDF-9 and BMP-15 can form a heterodimer, in which they have synergistic effects. Now it′s believed that GDF-9 is an impotant factor of the two-way communication between oocyte and granulosa cells, and that GDF-9 participates in the synchronous communication and coordinated growth of the two kinds of cells. The abnormal expression of GDF-9 may be associated with female reproductive endocrine disorders and subsequent infertility. Here we reviewed the effects of GDF-9 on ovarian function, including the regulation of oocyte development and folliculogenesis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Trigger Schemes in Assisted Reproductive Technology CHAI Yi-hong，YANG Pan-pan，ZHANG Xue-hong 2020, 39 (1):  59-62.  Abstract ( 1855 )   PDF (870KB) ( 9238 )   In assisted reproductive technology (ART), the trigger option is part of the individualized treatment. Based on the individual differences of patients, the choice of trigger scheme is very important. The optimal trigger scheme can improve the oocyte maturation rate and oocyte harvest rate without affecting fertilization, embryo development and euploidy rate, and reduce the incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Currently, the most commonly used triggers in clinical practice are human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) trigger and gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) trigger, while the other triggers are rarely used. However, the only two schemes of hCG trigger and GnRHa trigger are insufficient to provide the individualized treatment for all of the patients. The advantages and controversies of different trigger schemes are reviewed in order to guide clinicians to provide the individualized trigger schemes for patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation of Pathological Mechanism between Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy WANG Yan，ZHA Wen-hui，CHEN Yang，WU Fu-ju 2020, 39 (1):  63-66.  Abstract ( 1266 )   PDF (868KB) ( 9033 )   Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a particular disease of pregnancy, easily causes a series of adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as parodynia, puerperal infection, ketoacidosis, fetal distress, fetal abnormalities, even dead fetus in uterus. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), including gestational hypertension, preeclampsia (PE), eclampsia, chornic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia, and pregnancy combined with chornic hypertension, are also main causes of maternal death and perinatal death. The clinical manifestation of HDP is characterized by hypertention, proteinuria and edema following functional lesion of organs. It is necessary for those HDP patients with PE (especially, severe PE) to terminate the pregnancy, in which the adverse outcomes of newborns are introduced. In recent years, many studies showed the correlation between GDM and HDP in the pathological mechanism, such as endothelial dysfunction, dyslipidemia, inflammatory factors, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and others. In this article, we reviewed the correlation of pathological mechanism between GDM and HDP. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea MA Shi-yue，ZHU Mei 2020, 39 (1):  67-70.  Abstract ( 1366 )   PDF (867KB) ( 9114 )   Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) is characterized by the low levels of serum gonadotropin and estrogen in young women, in which the organic lesion of hypothalamus and hypophysis has been excluded. FHA has negative effects on the cardiovascular system, skeletal system, reproductive system and mental health of patients. Many factors may induce FHA, such as excessive exercise, nutritional deficiencies, dieting, and mental stress, or the combination of those factors. The treatment of FHA should be comprehensive, including the increased weight, the reduced strenuous-exercise, gonadotropin releasing hormone pulse therapy, hormone replacement therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy. The research progress of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea is reviewed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Local Advanced Cervical Cancer ZHANG Dong-ping，NIU Xing-yan，PENG Yun-hua 2020, 39 (1):  71-74.  Abstract ( 1301 )   PDF (877KB) ( 9022 )   Cervical cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the female reproductive system in the world, ranking the third in the incidence of female malignant tumor. Local advanced cervical cancer (LACC) is characterized by being easy to invade, high rate of lymphatic metastasis, difficulty of operation, and being easy to relapse. The curative effect is uncertain, and there is still no unified treatment program. The study found that neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) could reduce tumor size, improve surgical resection rate and surgical effect, increase radiotherapy sensitivity, reduce recurrence rate and metastasis rate, and improve the prognosis of LACC. At the same time, it was found that NACT could control the disease, prolong the gestation period and improve the outcomes of mother and child for special patients who need to retain the reproductive function and the complicated pregnancy. Therefore, this article reviews the efficacy of NACT in LACC. Related Articles | Metrics

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Functions and Characteristics of Data Coordination Committee in Different Stages in A Large Sample Clinical Trial of Infertility MA Hong-li, GAO Jing-shu, XIE Liang-zhen, YANG Xin-ming, WU Xiao-ke 2020, 39 (1):  75-79.  Abstract ( 1251 )   PDF (970KB) ( 9016 )   The data coordination committee (DCC), an independent and third-party data management organization, can ensure the data quality of clinical trials to the greatest extent and make the data results more accurate, authentic, credible and reliable. This article focused on the establishment, operation and specific functions of the DCC from a large sample infertility clinical trial in the gynecological clinical base in the First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine. DCC for data management in infertility clinical trials is not only professional, sustainable and consistent, but also can avoid the bias to the greatest extent, increase the transparency and credibility, and improve the efficiency of clinical trial management. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Case of Neonatal Cerebral Infarction Caused by Giant Placental Chorioangioma and Literature Review CHA Wen-hui，WANG Yan，WU Fu-ju 2020, 39 (1):  80-83.  Abstract ( 1418 )   PDF (1667KB) ( 8981 )   Placental chorioangioma is the most common non-trophoblast and hamartoma-like tumor originating in the capillaries or larger vessels. The general prognosis of the small volume is good, and the morbidity is estimated to be 1% of all deliveries. The placental hemangioma with a diameter of more than 4 cm should be given close attention, because the overloaded circulation could damage the fetus. In rare cases, the giant placental hemangioma with a diameter of more than 4.0-5.0 cm can directly influence the fetal circulation and cause neonatal cerebral infarction. In this paper, we report a case of the giant placental hemangioma with a size of about 6.0 cm×5.0 cm and the combined neonatal cerebral infarction. Both the giant placental hemangioma and the neonatal cerebral infarction of unknown causes are rare, suggesting that the placental examination should be regarded as an important diagnostic test in those cases of neonatal cerebral infarction of unknown causes. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Case Report of Giant Submucous Uterine Fibroid with Infection, Necrosis and Dysuria LI Jing，LIU Si-shi，CHEN Si，LIU Xiao-rong，DENG Gao-pi 2020, 39 (1):  84-86.  Abstract ( 1504 )   PDF (1684KB) ( 8996 )   The main clinical manifestations of submucous uterine fibroid include abnormal menstruation and leukorrhagia. Giant submucous uterine fibroid may be accompanied by infection and necrosis due to gravity-caused prolapse outside the external cervical outlet. It may also be accompanied by compressive symptoms such as constipation, frequent and urgent urination and dysuria. The main treatment is open surgery. Here, a case of giant submucous uterine fibroid accompanied by infection, necrosis, severe anemia and dysuria is reported. The process of diagnosis and treatment, especially preoperative preparation, is summarised, so as to improve the understanding of this complex disease. Related Articles | Metrics