Table of Content

15 May 2021, Volume 40 Issue 3
Previous Issue    Next Issue
---
Original Article
Case Report
Review


For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX

Toggle Thumbnails

Original Article

Select

Schisandrin B Decreases the Effect of PM2.5 on HTR Cell Proliferation LI Xiao, GUO Yan-li, HAN Jun-ting, ZOU Xiao-ping, DONG Qu-long 2021, 40 (3):  177-181.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20200605 Abstract ( 1797 )   HTML ( 571 )   PDF (2351KB) ( 8464 )   Objective: To investigate whether Schisandrin B (Sch B) can attenuate the effect of PM2.5 on the proliferation of human trophoblast HTR-8/Svneo (HTR) cells. Methods: The in vitro cultured HTR cells were treated by PM2.5 of 10-1 000 μg/mL concentration, Sch B-alone and Sch B plus PM2.5. The proliferation of HTR cells was tested by MTS method. Results: PM2.5 of different concentrations from 10 to 1 000 μg/mL inhibited the proliferation of HTR cells (P<0.01), and the inhibition rate of 150 μg/mL PM2.5 was 21.97%. Sch B of the concentration from 0.1 to 5 μmol/L attenuated the PM2.5-induced inhibition of HTR cells proliferation, with a dose-effect relationship among 0.1-2 μmol/L. Sch B of 2 μmol/L presented the highest protection rate (14.07%). Conclusions: Sch B could attenuate the PM2.5-induced inhibition of HTR cell proliferation, suggesting a potential protection of human trophoblast cells in vivo. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Newborn Screening for Citrin Deficiency by Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Shijiazhuang JIA Li-yun, FENG Ji-zhen, WANG Xi, MA Cui-xia, FENG Lu-lu 2021, 40 (3):  182-184.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20200585 Abstract ( 2713 )   HTML ( 139 )   PDF (3070KB) ( 8573 )   Objective: To determine the prevalence of citrin protein deficiency in neonates in Shijiazhuang, and further analyze the mutations of pathogenic genes. Methods: A total of 160 061 newborns in Shijiazhuang from January 2014 to December 2019 were detected for blood amino acid levels by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and the genetic testing were performed for suspected infants. Results: Among the 160 061 newborns, 20 cases were screened as positive cases, including 1 case confirmed the diagnosis with SLC25A13 gene testing; and 1 case that was false negative in newborn screening. The latter child patient was admitted to the hospital due to yellowish skin aggravated in less than 1 month. The blood tandem mass spectrometry showed that citrulline and methionine were elevated. The results of urine organic acids showed that 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid were both significantly increased. The prevalence of citrin protein deficiency in Shijiazhuang is 2/160 061. The gene testing showed that one case was a compound heterozygous mutation of SLC25A13 gene. The mutation sites were c.1021+1G>A and c.851_854delTATG. There was no report of c.1021+1G>A in the human gene mutation database. Conclusions: The application of tandem mass spectrometry in neonatal disease screening can detect the citrin protein deficiency as early as possible. Some newborn patients may be false negative screening; the gene testing is helpful for the diagnosis of citrin protein deficiency. The prevalence of citrin deficiency in Shijiazhuang area is 2/160 061. In this paper, we reported a novel mutation site of SLC25A13 gene. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Gene Mutation Analysis and Prenatal Diagnosis of Family with Urea Cycle Disorder ZHANG Qing-hua, HAO Sheng-ju, WANG Xing, CHEN Xue, ZHOU Bing-bo, LIU Fu-rong, ZHENG Lei, FENG Xuan, ZHANG Chuan 2021, 40 (3):  185-188.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20200537 Abstract ( 2823 )   HTML ( 74 )   PDF (3121KB) ( 8578 )   Objective: To investigate the gene mutations of seven families suspected with urea cycle disorders (UCD), and to perform prenatal diagnosis for two reproductive families. Methods: Target sequence capture combined with high-throughput next-generation sequencing, and Sanger sequencing/LD-PCR/MLPA (multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification) technologies were used to investigate the gene mutations for seven families suspected with UCD. After the genotypes of the pedigrees were identified, two amniotic fluid samples from high-risk pregnant women were used for prenatal genetic diagnosis. Results: The diagnosis of UCD was confirmed in seven suspected families. Among of them, four patients were diagnosed as the neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD) and one of them was coexist with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). One patient was diagnosed with citrullinaemia typeⅠ(CTLN1). And two patients were diagnosed with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD). Prenatal genetic diagnosis of two families show that one fetus had a mutation at a heterozygous mutation of SLC25A13 with paternal; and another one was a proband with normal OTC gene. Conclusions: Genetic diagnostic can make accurate and effective diagnosis of UCD. However, some families with suspected UCD could have normal OTC gene. The prenatal genetic diagnosis combined with OTC gene testing can prevent the rebirth defects in high-risk families. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Preliminary Study on Genetic Counseling Model of Etiological Diagnosis in Rare Case of Female with 46,XY/47,XYY Chimeric Karotype SUN Yan, WANG Gui-qi, YANG Wen-hui, MO Zhong-fu 2021, 40 (3):  189-192.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20200538 Abstract ( 2707 )   HTML ( 48 )   PDF (1614KB) ( 8565 )   Objective: To report a rare case of sex reversa female with 46,XY/47,XYY chimeric karotype, and to explore the clinical diagnosis and etiological analysis so as to provide a clinical genetic counseling. Methods: After the analysis of clinical features and family investigation of this case, the karyotype analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes was used. Based on the next genome sequencing (NGS) and the copy number variation- sequencing (CNV-seq), the copy number variation of peripheral blood samples , sex determining gene (SRY) and AZF gene loci were detected. Results: The family investigation showed that the patient had X-linked recessive inheritance pattern. The clinical features were co-exodominant. The karyotype of this female patient was chimeric 46,XY[57%]/47,XYY[13%], and the detection of chromosomal copy number variation showed: Arr[hg19]46,XY[70%]/47,XYY[30%],Yp11.31-q11.223×3,dup(6)(q14.1). SRY gene was positive, and AZF gene was not missing. Conclusions: The 46,XY/47,XYY female sex reversal syndrome can be diagnosed by cytogenetic karyotype analysis and CNV-seq, and its genetic cause may be the abnormal expression of DAX-1 gene. The genetic counseling model for this sex reversal patient was integrated. This case report provides a useful clinical reference. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Case Report

Select

Fetal Heterotopic Gray Matter with FLNA Gene Mutation: A Case Report SHEN Yong-mei, CHEN Xu, ZHANG Lei, YU Hong, ZHAO Xiao-min, CHANG Ying 2021, 40 (3):  193-195.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20200543 Abstract ( 3206 )   HTML ( 66 )   PDF (1514KB) ( 8426 )   This paper reported a case of fetal heterotopic gray matter with FLNA gene mutation. Fetal heterotopic gray matter was diagnosed by the prenatal B ultrasound combined with fetal brain MRI. The ultrasound examination showed that the external wall of lateral ventricle was uneven, the posterior fossa cistern was wide, the diaphragmatic space was slightly narrow, and the cerebellomedullary cistern was slightly widened. The gray matter heterotopias and large occipital cistern were affirmed by MRI. The extoliated cells in amniotic fluid was harvested, and whole exon sequencing and CNV analysis were used to test those pathogenic genes of heterotopic gray matter disease. The results showed the deletion of FLNA gene exon. Therefore, the ultrasound combined with fetal brain MRI could effectively improve the diagnosis rate of heterotopic gray matter, and chromosome examination could screen out some pathogenic causes and provide help for the next pregnancy. This case can enrich our understanding of prenatal ultrasound examination, the complicated malformations and other clinical manifestations of fetal brain heterotopic gray matter. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

A Case Report of Fetal Ebsten Anomaly LENG Qin, LIN Li-ping, ZHANG Jun, QIN Yao 2021, 40 (3):  196-197.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20200492 Abstract ( 3005 )   HTML ( 66 )   PDF (2967KB) ( 8554 )   Ebstein anomaly is a rare congenital cardiac abnormality with various associated intra-cardiac anomalies, which accounts for 1 percent of all congenital cardiac anomalies. Severe tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonary stenosis/hypoplasia, the decreased ratio of pulmonary, aorta diameter and pleural effusion/ascites/pericardial effusion are common in fetuses with Ebstein anomaly. Fetal echocardigraphy plays a key role in the detailed diagnosis and prognosis evaluation. Fetal Ebstein anomaly may be found in early pregnancy. The incidence is higher than what is reported in newborns. However, depiction of a normal fetal heart in early pregnancy and midpregnancy does not exclude the possibility of subsequent development of Ebstein anomaly. This article describes a fetal Ebstein anomaly diagnosed at 23 weeks of gestation. There was significant cardiomegaly and severe tricuspid regurgitation in this case. This case report provides us a comprehensive overview of fetal Ebstein′s anomaly. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Two Cases Report of Angiomyofibroblastoma in the Vaginal Wall and Vulva, with A Mini Review YU Xiao-feng, ZHENG Xiao-dan, CAI Xiao-hui 2021, 40 (3):  198-201.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20200473 Abstract ( 2474 )   HTML ( 101 )   PDF (9626KB) ( 8423 )   Angiomyofibroblastoma (AMF) as a rare benign soft-tissue tumor is mainly caused by the interstitial cells of the pelvic soft tissue. It tends to occur in women, with non-specific clinical manifestations, low rate of imaging examination and difficulty in preoperative diagnosis. The clear diagnosis is dependent on pathology. Generally, surgery is the main treatment with a good prognosis and a very low recurrence rate. In this paper, two cases of angiomyofibroblastoma in the vaginal wall and vulva were reported. With a mini review, the clinical characteristics, pathological and immunohistochemical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of this disease were discussed. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Ovarian Malignant Tumor of Brenner:A Case Report and Literature Review WANG Hong-qiao, XU Dong-dong, LIU Chong, JI Xin-qiang 2021, 40 (3):  202-203.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20200502 Abstract ( 2355 )   HTML ( 70 )   PDF (9594KB) ( 8475 )   A case of young female patients with ovarian malignant Brenner tumor (MBT) was reported. The progress of diagnosis and treatment was summarized. This patient was accompanied by nontypical symptoms of persistent lumbar pain and palpitation. The diagnosis of MBT was confirmed by histopathology, and immunohistochemical markers including the positive GATA3 and CK7, with the tissue of abdominal biopsy. In this paper, the related literatures were also reviewed. The clinical manifestations and imaging manifestations of MBT are unspecific, so the diagnosis is mainly based on histopathological and immunohistochemical markers. The clinical manifestations of patients with advanced stage are diverse, and the functional state of whole body should be brought attention. Two important things are to avoid infection and to improve the life quality as far as possible. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Review

Select

Research Progress of Complications Related to Assisted Reproductive Technology XIE Qi-jun, LI Xin, ZHAO Chun, LING Xiu-feng 2021, 40 (3):  204-208.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20200730 Abstract ( 2304 )   HTML ( 43 )   PDF (734KB) ( 8445 )   Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has been widely used in the treatment of infertility, including artificial insemination (AI) and in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET), and many derivative techniques such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), preimplantation genetic screening (PGS), in vitro maturation (IVM), and assisted hatching (AH). With the popularity of ART and the gradual improvement of pregnancy rate, more and more attention has been paid to the complications of ART and the safety of ART. Detection and treatment of complications in time can maximize the safety and high quality of pregnancy, and the good outcomes for patients. At present, the causes of ART-related complications are still controversial. Some studies believe that the increased rate of multiple pregnancy caused by ART or the factors related to infertility are the main causes. However, other studies believe that the factors of ART itself cannot be overlooked. In this review, we analyzed the complications related to ART and the causes. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Application of Assisted Reproductive Technology in Hydatidiform Mole YANG Jing-yi, LIU Yan, ZHI Xu 2021, 40 (3):  209-215.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20200612 Abstract ( 2298 )   HTML ( 68 )   PDF (811KB) ( 8452 )   Hydatidiform mole (HM) is a common obstetric disease, which is classified as a gestational trophoblastic disease. HM is characterized by swollen villi. HM can be diagnosed and classified by clinical manifestations and histological examination. However, the complex classification and limitations of etiological knowledge of HM, in addition to the high risk of recurrence, make it difficult to prevent. With the development of sequencing technology, the assisted reproductive technology has been rapidly developed in recent years, especially the pre-implantation genetic testing. These technologies can be applied in the acquisition and evaluation of embryos in vitro. However, the application of assisted reproductive technology in HM patients is still confined due to the limitations of current understanding on HM. There are very limited knowledge on the prevention and reproductive guidance of HM, especially the recurrent HM. The epidemiology, clinical manifestations, histology and the genetic characteristics were reviewed in this article, while the application progress of assisted reproductive technology in HM was also discussed. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Protamine and Teratozoospermia: A Short Review CHEN Xiao-jun, JIA Yu-sen, ZHANG Zhi-jie 2021, 40 (3):  216-220.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20200238 Abstract ( 2168 )   HTML ( 31 )   PDF (728KB) ( 8476 )   Teratozoospermia is a common type of male infertility. Protamine in human sperm, as an important protein in sperm transformation and maturity phases, is closely related to sperm morphology. The literature on protamine and teratozoospermia was reviewed. It was found that the defect in protamine molecule, the abnormal expression of protamine, and the polymorphisms of protamine gene, could all lead to abnormal morphology of human sperm and reduce the fertility of patients. Interestingly, the inverted correlation is also tenable. It was suggested that abnormal protamine in human sperm was an important factor of teratozoospermia. The definitive therapy was tried in those patients with the teratozoospermia related to abnormal protamine. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Recent Advances in Genes Involved in DNA Damage Repair and Meiosis Undergoing Premature Ovarian Insufficiency WANG Kai-juan, CHEN Bei-li, ZHU Qi, CAO Yun-xia, ZHANG Zhi-guo 2021, 40 (3):  221-225.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20200624 Abstract ( 2231 )   HTML ( 59 )   PDF (780KB) ( 9008 )   Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a common endocrine disease in women, which can not only lead to osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases and abnormal menstruation, but also seriously affect the fertility of women of childbearing age. With the rapid development of exome and genome sequencing, many genes involved in meiosis and DNA damage repair in the POI pathogenesis were found. The pathogenic factors of this disease are complex, so understanding the pathogenic factors is beneficial to clinical diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, the research progress of related genes and mutations in the early onset ovarian insufficiency, meiosis and DNA damage repair was reviewed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research Progress of Trigger Scheme in Ovarian Hyperstimulation Cycles in Infertile Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome QIN Yi-ming, KONG Xin-liang, ZHANG Jian-wei 2021, 40 (3):  226-230.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20200529 Abstract ( 2714 )   HTML ( 56 )   PDF (824KB) ( 8507 )   For infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), it is necessary to optimize the trigger scheme so as to obtain more well-matured oocytes, higher pregnancy rate and better cycle outcomes, and to reduce the incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and empty follicle syndrome (empty follicle syndrome, EFS) risk. When making the trigger plan, we need to consider the drug preparation and timing of trigger. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) trigger, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) trigger, Kisspeptin trigger, dual trigger, double trigger and other trigger methods have been used in PCOS infertile patients. Based on the literature review of the ovarian hyperstimulation trigger schemes for PCOS infertile patients, the trigger drugs, dosage, advantages and disadvantages of different trigger schemes were compared in this paper, including the standard of trigger timing. These comparisons provide us a useful reference for the clinical development of PCOS personalized trigger scheme. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Progress in Evaluation of Endometrial Receptivity XIE Yu-xin, WANG Jing-ying, YANG Chao, JIANG Ting, CHEN Xiao-xu, LU Ying-li 2021, 40 (3):  231-236.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20200535 Abstract ( 2394 )   HTML ( 61 )   PDF (800KB) ( 8381 )   Embryo implantation is a complicated and sophisticated process, which is mainly regulated by embryo, endometrium and the interaction between the two. With the development of embryo laboratory technology, the embryo quality and embryo selection system have been improved significantly. However, the evaluation system and standard of endometrial receptivity have not been clarified yet. In recent years, the accurate assessment of endometrial receptivity has become a focus with the proposal of personalized embryo transfer (pET). More and more researches were focused on how to assess endometrial receptivity, from the initial ultrasound and pinopodes examination to various molecular markers, and to endometrial receptivity array, endometrial receptivity profile and proteomics, lipidomics and other indicators. The author hereby reviews various indicators for evaluating endometrial receptivity. It is helpful for the future work and study, such as individualized embryo transfer, so as to improve clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research Progress on the Effect of Hypoxia on Endometriosis WANG Tian, ZHENG Jing-ying, PENG Yuan-qing, WANG Nan, ZHAO Shu-hua 2021, 40 (3):  237-241.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20200560 Abstract ( 2276 )   HTML ( 26 )   PDF (770KB) ( 8465 )   Endometriosis (EMs) is one of the most common gynecological diseases in women of childbearing age. It is a benign disease with malignant behavior and can occur in various parts of the body. There are many risk factors leading to EMs, including endocrine, genetic, environmental and immune factors. At present, the etiology of EMs is still unknown. Recent studies have shown that hypoxia is the driving force of EMs. Hypoxia can affect the occurrence and development of EMs in three aspects. (1) Hypoxia over-activates COX-2/PGE2 and up-regulates steroid hormone-producing enzymes, thus promoting estrogen production; at the same time, hypoxia reduces the ratio of ERα to ERβ and PR, and changes the efficiency of steroids. (2) Hypoxia-activated angiogenic factors such as VEGF and Ang promote the rapid formation of blood vessels in ectopic lesions and provide oxygen and nutrients for the growth of ectopic lesions. (3) Hypoxia interferes with the normal autophagy process of EMs cells and promotes its invasion and metastasis. This paper reviews the pathogenesis and related treatment of hypoxia in EMs, in order to provide a new perspective for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research Progress of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Treatment of Intrauterine Adhesions YE Chen-xia, YING Xiao-yan 2021, 40 (3):  242-246.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20200647 Abstract ( 2201 )   HTML ( 24 )   PDF (767KB) ( 8452 )   Essentially, intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is a endometrial damage and fibrosis due to injury, infection and other factors. The pathogenesis of IUA includes epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, excessive inflammatory response, dysangiogenesis, low estrogen status and endometrial stem cell loss. The clinical treatments at present, such as hysteroscopic adhesion separation, hormone therapy, physical barrier implantation, etc., cannot effectively improve the IUA condition of patients with moderate to severe IUA, and cannot also prevent the recurrence of adhesion. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells have showed the great potential in tissue repair and regenerative medicine. At present, the main stem cells used in IUA study are endometrial mesenchymal stem cell, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell, fat mesenchymal stem cell and gestational appendage derived mesenchymal stem cell. Through immune regulation, differentiation and paracrine, the mesenchymal stem cell can rebuild endometrial tissue and improve endometrial function, which is a new hope for patients with intrauterine adhesion. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research Progress of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Intrauterine Adhesion Fibrosis WANG Yi-xiang, WU Lu-ming, WANG Yi-qing, ZHANG Xue-hong 2021, 40 (3):  247-251.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20200592 Abstract ( 2247 )   HTML ( 24 )   PDF (761KB) ( 9414 )   The main mechanisms of intrauterine adhesion (IUA) include endometrial basal layer injury, endometrial repair disorders and fibrotic healing, which leads to amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, recurrent pregnancy loss or low fertility. Endometrial fibrosis is related to the development of IUA, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms of IUA are still unclear. The sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway plays a key role in embryonic development, tissue regeneration and organogenesis. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that SHH signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of fibrosis in various tissues. The activated SHH signaling pathway participates in the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tissue fibrosis, and promotes the transformation and fibrosis of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. SHH signals are activated in IUA diseases, indicating that there is a potential link between the abnormal regulation of this signal and endometrial fibrosis. This review summarizes the research progress of SHH signaling pathway and IUA fibrosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research Progress on the Correlation between the Outcome of Cervical HPV Infection and Vaginal Microbiome WEI Ying-ting, QIU Li-hua 2021, 40 (3):  252-255.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20200544 Abstract ( 2331 )   HTML ( 73 )   PDF (828KB) ( 8441 )   High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a requirement of cervical precancerous lesions or cervical cancer. There are many factors that affect the infection and clearance of HPV. Vaginal microflora plays an important role in the health of female lower reproductive tract. A healthy female vaginal microbiome is defined as low diversity, which is dominated by the few species of Lactobacillus. With the application of high-throughput sequencing technology for bacterial 16S rRNA gene, the structure of vaginal microbial community has been further studied. More and more research evidences show that the changes in the composition of the vaginal microflora such as the increase in the diversity of the vaginal microflora and the decrease in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus are closely related to HPV infection and the occurrence and development of cervical lesions. Reconstruction of the vaginal microbial community dominated by Lactobacillus and restoration of the vaginal microecological balance can promote the clearance of HPV. This is a new direction for the treatment of HPV infection and cervical lesions in the future. This review summarizes the correlation between the outcome of cervical HPV infection and the changes in the composition of vaginal microbial flora. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research Progress on the Effect of Chronic Endometritis on Fertility YUAN Jing, CHEN Chao, ZHANG Ying 2021, 40 (3):  256-259.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20200510 Abstract ( 2250 )   HTML ( 27 )   PDF (713KB) ( 8463 )   Chronic endometritis is a high incidence disease in women of childbearing age. The clinical symptoms are not typical, and the diagnostic criteria are not unified. This disease is often ignored clinically. Chronic endometritis reduces the fertility of women of childbearing age, which can lead to the high risk of infertility, embryo implantation failure and lower live birth rate. It is related to unexplained infertility, recurrent abortion and repeated IVF-ET failure, which seriously affects the reproductive health of women of childbearing age. Endometrial microbial infection is the main cause of chronic endometritis. Different patients may have different types of intrauterine microbial infection. The change of intrauterine microbial environment can cause the inflammatory reaction, the changes in the types of immune active cells, the increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the abnormal expression of endometrial pregnancy related regulatory factors. These factors and responses can reduce endometrial receptivity, weaken the immune tolerance during pregnancy, interfere with the implantation of fertilized eggs and affect the embryo implantation. The outcomes are the maintenance failure of pregnancy after implantation, abortion, premature rupture of membranes, premature delivery, intrauterine infection and other pregnancy-related diseases. Patients who have been cured by oral antibiotics can get the improved success rate of re-pregnancy and the rate of live births. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Related Reproductive Diseases QIAO Guo-dong, WANG Yong-hong 2021, 40 (3):  260-264.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20200457 Abstract ( 2613 )   HTML ( 31 )   PDF (758KB) ( 8346 )   Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can be formed after the activation of neutrophils, which participate in the pathophysiological process of many diseases including related reproductive diseases. However, the specific pathogenesis has not been clarified. At present, studies have shown that the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and other cytokines play an important role in the formation process of NETs, and that many signaling pathways, such as protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), regulate the formation of NETs. Many reproductive diseases such as preeclampsia could be further explained by NETs. In this paper, we will review the formation of NETs and the related mechanisms. References | Related Articles | Metrics