始基卵泡过度激活与卵巢储备功能减退的相关性及其机制

doi:10.12280/gjszjk.20240540

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

卵巢储备功能减退（diminished ovarian reserve，DOR）、早发性卵巢功能不全及卵巢早衰等疾病是女性不孕的关键因素，始基卵泡池的初始大小及其激活和耗竭速率是决定女性卵巢储备功能的关键。休眠状态的始基卵泡若发生过度激活，将加速卵巢储备的消耗，从而引发DOR。因此，预防始基卵泡的过度激活对于维护卵巢储备功能具有至关重要的意义。始基卵泡的过度激活与卵巢储备状态之间存在着紧密联系，其内在机制涉及氧化应激途径、免疫-炎症途径以及代谢途径等多个层面。DOR不仅会加速机体的系统性衰老过程，还会增加罹患衰老相关疾病的风险，进而降低个体的生活质量。在临床上，抗氧化药物已被广泛应用，其能够通过抑制始基卵泡的过度激活，保护女性的生育力。然而，关于抗衰老药物在临床实践中的应用，目前仍缺乏确凿有效的证据支持。因此仍需深入探究始基卵泡过度激活的复杂机制，以期能够为DOR的防治工作提供全新的思路与策略。

关键词: 卵巢储备功能, 氧化性应激, 免疫, 炎症, 葡萄糖代谢障碍, 脂代谢障碍, 始基卵泡激活, 氨基酸代谢

Abstract:

Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), premature ovarian insufficiency, and premature ovarian failure are significant contributors to female infertility. The initial size of the primordial follicle pool, along with its activation and depletion rates, plays a crucial role in determining ovarian reserve function. The excessive activation of dormant primordial follicles can hasten the depletion of ovarian reserve, resulting in DOR. Thus, preventing the excessive activation of primordial follicles is essential for preserving ovarian reserve function. There is a strong link between the excessive activation of primordial follicles and ovarian reserve status, with the underlying mechanisms involving oxidative stress, immune-inflammatory responses and metabolic pathways. DOR not only accelerates the aging process but also heightens the risk of age-related diseases, ultimately diminishing the life quality. In clinical practice, antioxidant medications are commonly used to protect female fertility by preventing the excessive activation of primordial follicles. However, the evidence is still insufficient, regarding the effectiveness of anti-aging drugs in clinical practice. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate furtherly the complex mechanisms of the excessive activation of primordial follicles, so as to develop new approaches and strategies for preventing and treating DOR.

Key words: Ovarian reserve, Oxidative stress, Immunity, Inflammation, Glucose metabolism disorders, Lipid metabolism disorders, Primordial follicle activation, Amino acid metabolism

江楠, 赵晓丽, 李凯茜, 徐佳淇, 贾滢瑛, 夏天. 始基卵泡过度激活与卵巢储备功能减退的相关性及其机制[J]. 国际生殖健康/计划生育杂志, 2025, 44(2): 132-136.

JIANG Nan, ZHAO Xiao-li, LI Kai-xi, XU Jia-qi, JIA Ying-ying, XIA Tian. The Correlation between Excessive Activation of Primordial Follicles and Diminished Ovarian Reserve[J]. Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning, 2025, 44(2): 132-136.

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