环状RNA在生殖系统的研究进展

doi:10.12280/gjszjk.20240127

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

环状RNA（circular RNA，circRNA）是一类不具有5′末端帽子和3′末端多聚腺苷酸尾巴并以共价键形成封闭环状结构的内源性非编码RNA（non-coding RNA，ncRNA）。由于circRNA结构的特殊性，其对RNA外切酶R（ribonucleic acid exonuclease R，RNaseR）具有高度抵抗性，因此在细胞质中的分布相当丰富。高通量测序和生物信息学方法的不断发展揭示了circRNA具有高度保守性、稳定性、疾病特异性和组织特异性的特点，使其在临床早期诊断中具有作为生物标志物的潜能。研究已证实circRNA在女性生殖系统中与卵子发生、卵巢功能不全、卵巢相关性疾病以及在男性生殖系统中与精子发生、睾丸发育之间相互作用，有望成为多种生殖系统疾病新的诊断和治疗靶点。综述circRNA在生殖系统发育中的生物学功能及其调控作用。

关键词: RNA, 环状, 生殖器疾病, 男（雄）性, 生殖器疾病, 女（雌）性, 胚胎发育, 精子发生

Abstract:

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of endogenous non-coding RNA (ncRNA) without 5′N⁷-methylguanosine caps and 3′polyadenylated tails, forming a close loop structure with covalent bonds. Due to the specificity of circRNAs structure, it is highly resistant to ribonucleic acid exonuclease R (RNaseR) and is therefore quite abundant in the cytoplasm. The continuous development of high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics methods has revealed that circRNAs are highly conserved, stable, disease-specific, and tissue-specific, giving them potential as biomarkers in early clinical diagnosis. Studies have demonstrated that circRNAs interact with oogenesis, ovarian aging, and ovary-related diseases in the female reproductive system, and with spermatogenesis and testicular development in the male reproductive system. CircRNAs are expected to be new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for a variety of reproductive disease. In the paper, we will focus on the biological functions and regulatory roles of circRNAs in reproductive system.

Key words: RNA, circular, Genital diseases, male, Genital diseases, female, Embryonic development, Spermatogenesis

焦梦文, 张月文, 王玲, 莫少康. 环状RNA在生殖系统的研究进展[J]. 国际生殖健康/计划生育杂志, 2024, 43(4): 322-327.

JIAO Meng-wen, ZHANG Yue-wen, WANG Ling, MO Shao-kang. Advances in CircRNAs Research in Reproductive System[J]. Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning, 2024, 43(4): 322-327.

图/表 1

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