溶血磷脂酸在卵泡发育中的作用与机制

doi:10.12280/gjszjk.20260270

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

卵泡发育是卵巢功能的重要组成部分，其过程受到卵泡液微环境、局部细胞间通讯及内分泌信号的共同调控。近年研究表明，卵泡液中溶血磷脂酸（lysophosphatidic acid，LPA）水平及卵泡微环境中相关代谢酶和受体的表达变化，均与卵泡发育密切相关。LPA可通过其受体介导磷脂酰肌醇3激酶（phosphoinositide 3-kinase，PI3K）/蛋白激酶B（protein kinase B，Akt）、细胞外信号调节激酶1/2（extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2，ERK1/2）等信号通路，调控颗粒细胞增殖、自噬与凋亡，促进卵丘扩张及卵母细胞成熟，并可能参与卵巢类固醇激素的生成及调控。现有研究表明，LPA在体外卵母细胞成熟、化疗相关卵巢功能损伤及卵巢组织冻存移植等辅助生殖相关过程中，具有一定的保护和促进作用，但其安全性及临床转化价值仍有待进一步验证。未来仍需深入明确LPA在不同发育阶段卵泡中的作用及关键机制，从而为卵泡发育障碍相关疾病的干预提供依据。

关键词: 溶血磷脂素类, 卵泡, 卵泡液, 颗粒细胞, 卵母细胞成熟, 卵母细胞体外成熟技术

Abstract:

Follicular development is an essential component of ovarian function, which is jointly regulated by the follicular fluid microenvironment, local cell-cell communication, and endocrine signals. Recent studies have shown that the level of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in follicular fluid, and the changes of related metabolic enzymes and receptors in the follicular microenvironment, are closely associated with follicular development. LPA mediates signaling pathways such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) through its receptors, regulating the proliferation, autophagy and apoptosis of granulosa cells, promoting cumulus expansion and oocyte maturation, and potentially participating in the production and regulation of ovarian steroid hormones. Current studies indicate that LPA exerts certain protective and promotive effects in assisted reproductive related processes including in vitro oocyte maturation, chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage, and ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation. However, its safety and clinical translational value remain to be further validated. Future research should further elucidate the roles and key mechanisms of LPA at the different stage of follicular development, thereby providing a basis for interventions in those diseases related to follicular development disorder.

Key words: Lysophospholipids, Ovarian follicle, Follicular fluid, Granulosa cell, Oocyte maturation, In vitro oocyte maturation techniques

黄俊, 毛菲, 冯睿芝, 钱云. 溶血磷脂酸在卵泡发育中的作用与机制[J]. 国际生殖健康/计划生育杂志, 2026, 45(4): 326-330.

HUANG Jun, MAO Fei, FENG Rui-zhi, QIAN Yun. Roles and Mechanisms of Lysophosphatidic Acid in Follicular Development[J]. Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning, 2026, 45(4): 326-330.

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