睾丸氧化应激与男性迟发性性腺功能减退症

doi:10.12280/gjszjk.20250114

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中老年男性随年龄增长，睾丸间质细胞分泌雄激素功能渐进性下降，体内雄激素相对不足，引发迟发性性腺功能减退症（late onset hypogonadism，LOH）；生精小管的精子发生亦受损，精子数量和质量下降，生育力降低。睾丸组织受年龄、环境因素、代谢因素、微循环障碍、慢性疾病等影响，积聚了较多的活性氧；而超氧化物歧化酶、Keap1/Nrf2、泛素化途径、USP15和精液的抗氧化系统等抗氧化应激机制，随年龄增长则相对不足，因此，睾丸组织的氧化应激持续累加，对间质细胞和生精小管功能造成直接和间接损伤，是LOH的主要病理生理机制。研究表明，抗氧化治疗有利于延缓LOH进展。综述中探讨老年男性睾丸中出现氧化应激及其引发的LOH，并探讨新型抗氧化剂在中老年男性中的应用前景。

关键词: 睾丸, 氧化性应激, 生殖健康, 性腺功能减退症, 激素替代疗法

Abstract:

With the increase of male life span, the level of androgen secreted by testicular Leydig cells reduce continuously, which leads to the late onset of hypogonadism (LOH). Concurrently, spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules is compromised, leading to the reduction in both the quantity and quality of sperm, thereby decreasing male fertility. Males who suffered from testicular natural aging, influence of external environmental factors, metabolic factors, microcirculatory disorders, or certain disease states, generated reactive oxygen species in testes. Meanwhile, the mechanisms of antioxidant stress, such as superoxide dismutase, the Keap1/Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, the ubiquitination pathway, USP15, and the seminal plasma antioxidant system, exhibit relative inadequacy. Consequently, the continuous accumulation of oxidative stress inflicts the direct or/and indirect damage on the functions of Leydig cells and seminiferous tubules, which represents one of the primary pathophysiological mechanisms underlying LOH. Accumulating evidences have indicated that antioxidant therapy holds promise in retarding the progression of LOH. In this review, we comprehensively examine the oxidative stress in the testes of aging men and the occurrence of LOH, and discusse the potential application prospects of novel antioxidants in middle-aged and elderly male populations.

Key words: Testis, Oxidative stress, Reproductive health, Hypogonadism, Hormone replacement therapy

袁书凝, 韦妮妮, 杨晓玉, 崔毓桂. 睾丸氧化应激与男性迟发性性腺功能减退症[J]. 国际生殖健康/计划生育杂志, 2025, 44(4): 311-315.

YUAN Shu-ning, WEI Ni-ni, YANG Xiao-yu, CUI Yu-gui. Oxidative Stress in the Testis and Male Late Onset Hypogonadism[J]. Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning, 2025, 44(4): 311-315.

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