人卵丘细胞与壁颗粒细胞的差异性研究进展

doi:10.12280/gjszjk.20200731

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

颗粒细胞（granulosa cell）是卵泡内的体细胞,在卵泡的生长发育过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。随着卵泡发育至窦卵泡期,颗粒细胞分化为在空间和功能上不同的2个种群,即围绕在卵母细胞周围的卵丘细胞（cumulus cell）和排列在卵泡壁上的壁颗粒细胞（mural granulosa cell）。卵丘细胞主要为卵母细胞的生长发育提供营养和能量,而壁颗粒细胞主要承担内分泌功能。卵丘细胞与壁颗粒细胞不仅是位置不同,还存在功能、基因等方面的差异。迄今为止,人卵丘细胞和壁颗粒细胞在代谢组学的差异尚少见报道。综述卵丘细胞和壁颗粒细胞差异学的相关研究进展,并提出卵丘细胞和壁颗粒细胞在代谢谱表达上存在差异的新猜想,探究两者之间的差异可能为开发评估卵母细胞和胚胎质量新的标志物提供新思路,这对预测妊娠结局具有重要的临床价值。

关键词: 卵丘细胞, 壁颗粒细胞, 粒层细胞, 卵母细胞, 卵泡, 代谢组学

Abstract:

Granulosa cells (GC) are the somatic cells in the follicles. With the development of follicles, GCs are differentiated into two kinds of cells, in terms of location and function: cumulus cells and mural granulosa cells. The cumulus cells are surrounding the oocyte, while the mural granulosa cells (GCs) are lining at the follicular wall. Cumulus cells mainly provide nutrition and energy for the oocyte growth and development, while mural granulosa cells are mainly responsible for endocrine function. Up to date, the differences in metabolomics between human cumulus cells and mural granulosa cells have not been reported. The definitions and differences in function and gene expression between cumulus cells and mural granulosa cells are systematically discussed in this review. New conjectures about the differences in metabolic profiles are also proposed. Exploring the differences between the two kinds of cells may be helpful to evaluate oocyte quality and embryonic developmental potential, and may have important clinical value in predicting pregnancy outcome.

Key words: Cumulus cells, Mural granulosa cells, Granulosa cells, Oocytes, Ovarian follicle, Metabolomics

高二梦, 千日成. 人卵丘细胞与壁颗粒细胞的差异性研究进展[J]. 国际生殖健康/计划生育, 2021, 40(5): 386-390.

GAO Er-meng, CHIAN Ri-cheng. The Differences between Cumulus Cells and Mural Granulosa Cells in Human Follicles[J]. Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning, 2021, 40(5): 386-390.

图/表 3

图1 GC分化示意图注:GC 颗粒细胞;MGC 壁颗粒细胞;CC 卵丘细胞;FSH 卵泡刺激素;OSFs 卵母细胞分泌有效的生长因子; Basal Lamina 基底膜。

图2 CC和MGC的相关差异

图3 CC与MGC功能关系图注:TH 卵泡膜细胞,MGC 壁颗粒细胞,CC 卵丘细胞,LHR 黄体生成激素受体,FSHR 卵泡刺激素受体,cAMP 环磷酸腺苷,AREG 双调蛋白, epiregulin 表皮调节素, betacellulin β-细胞素,CDF9 生长分化因子9,BMP15 骨形态发生蛋白15, Basal lamina 基底膜。

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