白藜芦醇在精子冷冻保存中的应用及其研究进展

doi:10.12280/gjszjk.20250634

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

精子冷冻保存是辅助生殖技术中的关键环节，但冻融过程诱发的氧化应激可导致精子膜损伤、活力下降与DNA损伤。目前常用的抗氧化剂存在作用靶点单一等局限。白藜芦醇作为一种天然多酚，除直接清除活性氧外，还能通过激活核转录因子红系2相关因子2（nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2，Nrf2）/抗氧化响应元件（antioxidant response element，ARE）、沉默信息调节因子1（sirtuin 1，SIRT1）/叉头框蛋白O（forkhead box O，FoxO）及磷脂酰肌醇3激酶（phosphoinositide 3-kinase，PI3K）/蛋白激酶B（protein kinase B，Akt）等信号通路，上调细胞内源性抗氧化防御系统，并可能借由调控组蛋白修饰与DNA甲基化等表观遗传机制，从多维度减轻精子冷冻损伤。临床前研究显示，白藜芦醇能有效提升多种动物冻融后精子的活力、膜完整性与DNA完整性。然而，其向临床转化仍面临最佳剂量不确定、人体试验数据缺乏、生物利用度低等挑战。系统综述了白藜芦醇的抗氧化作用与分子机制，以期为开发新型精子冷冻保护剂提供理论依据与研究方向。

关键词: 白藜芦醇, 精液保存, 低温保存, 氧化性应激, 活性氧, 信号传导

Abstract:

Sperm cryopreservation is a critical step of assisted reproductive technology. However, the oxidative stress induced during freeze-thawing can lead to sperm membrane damage, reduced motility, and DNA damage. Currently used antioxidants are often limited by their single-target mechanism. As a natural polyphenol, resveratrol not only directly scavenges reactive oxygen species, but also upregulates the intracellular endogenous antioxidant defense system by activating signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/forkhead box O (FoxO), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt). Furthermore, resveratrol may mitigate cryodamage in sperm through multidimensional strategies, including epigenetic regulation of histone modifications and DNA methylation. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that resveratrol can effectively enhance the post-thaw sperm motility, membrane integrity, and DNA integrity across multiple animal species. Nevertheless, its clinical translation still faces challenges such as undetermined optimal dosage, limited human trial data, and low bioavailability. This review systematically elaborates on the antioxidant effects and molecular mechanisms of resveratrol, aiming to provide a theoretical reference for the development of novel cryoprotectants for sperm.

Key words: Resveratrol, Semen preservation, Cryopreservation, Oxidative stress, Reactive oxygen species, Signal transduction

周军, 田艳娅, 庞海燕, 韩雪, 王桂玲. 白藜芦醇在精子冷冻保存中的应用及其研究进展[J]. 国际生殖健康/计划生育杂志, 2026, 45(2): 133-138.

ZHOU Jun, TIAN Yan-ya, PANG Hai-yan, HAN Xue, WANG Gui-ling. Application of Resveratrol in Sperm Cryopreservation and Research Progress[J]. Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning, 2026, 45(2): 133-138.

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