Table of Content

15 May 2011, Volume 30 Issue 3
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述评
热点问题
论著
综述
标准与指南
讲座
信息窗口
论著
综述


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述评

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Reflection on Birth Defect Research ZHENG Xiao-ying 2011, 30 (3):  155-158.  Abstract ( 2437 )   PDF (219KB) ( 7483 )   Birth defects are a population health problem affecting the quality of birth population in China. Challenges exist with respect to reducing the risk of birth defects and the consequential disease burden in a cost?-effective way. Therefore fundamental and applied researches to prevent birth defects should be further strengthened. These researches are expected to closely focus on the preventability of birth defects， such disease with a high risk， high prevalence，and disabling nature among China population； and development of population?-based theoretic and technical countermeasures， in order to achieve the goals to effectively reduce the disease burden of population with birth defects. For fundamental researches， while continuing to study the genetic fundament and molecular mechanisms of major birth defects， we should employ a systematic biological point of view and the use of macro?-and micro-studies combination， to strengthen the surveillance of birth defects and conduct prospective cohort studies； improve our understanding of the role of genetic factors，environmental factors， and their interaction in the occurrence of birth defects； identify the major environmental risk factors， genetic susceptibility， and epigenetic changes； and develop in?-depth studies about the mechanism of birth defects. For the application of technology in prevention and control of birth defects， we should uphold the principle of prevention and the strategy of focusing on both prevention and treatment， targeting primary， secondary， and tertiary prevention schemes，to conduct comprehensive researches on birth defects prevention， screening， diagnosis， counseling， treatment and other applications of crucial technologies； and develop appropriate， demand?-oriented systems to prevent and control in China setting， including pre-pregnancy risk assessment and counseling techniques， preventive technologies in primary prevention scheme of birth defect， prenatal screening and diagnostic techniques for major birth defects， screening techniques for genetic metabolic diseases among newborns， and early diagnosis and treatment technology for major congenital abnormalities. Meanwhile， we should strengthen the social science research and explore modeling of prevention and treatment of birth defects， in order to translate research results into practice and promote the implementation of national action plan for birth defects prevention. Related Articles | Metrics

热点问题

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Research Progress of Neural Tube Defects Related Phospholipids Metabolism HUANG Min;LIANG Qiong-lin;WANG Yi-ming;HU Ping;LUO Guo-an 2011, 30 (3):  159-163.  Abstract ( 2698 )   PDF (281KB) ( 7457 )   Neural tube defects are complex and severe congenital malformations of central neural system with high incidence. Anencephaly and spina bifida are the most common and severe forms of NTD. Failure of the primary embryonic neural tube to close or secondarily reopening is direct reasons leading to NTD. Development of the neural tube is related to lots of genes and environmental factors， in which maternal nutrition situation is one of the most important reported in many literatures， including vitamin B12，homocysteine， folic acid and choline， etc. However， phospholipids metabolism related to folic acid， choline and homocysteine metabolisms was rarely mentioned. Herein， this paper reviewed the role of phospholipids metabolism， lipid mediators and enzymes in generation and development in neural tube defects and its research status. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Environmental Endocrine Disruptors on Human Health and Reproductive Development LIU Ya-fang;PEI Li-jun;ZHENG Xiao-ying 2011, 30 (3):  164-168.  Abstract ( 2242 )   PDF (279KB) ( 7559 )   Endocrine is a system of hormones that regulates an organism’s development， growth，reproduction and behavior， which plays an important role in human behavior and development of the fertilized eggs. Environmental endocrine disruptors（ＥＥＤｓ） have a similar structure with natural hormones which might mimic natural hormones and bind with endocrine receptors，producing unnatural outcomes， resulting in a permanent adverse effect on human body after accumulation. An increasing body of evidence from animals and humans indicates that EEDs may cause gene mutation and cell disruption， especially at the significant stage of embryonic development， influencing on reproductive system， and embryonic development， even lead to congenital malformation or cancer in human. This paper reviews the characteristics， mechanism of EEDs， its influencing on embryonic development， and preventive measures for human health. The purpose is to provide the evidences for prevention and reducing of EEDs pollution， and improve the quality of birth population and human life. Related Articles | Metrics

论著

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Family-Based Association Test for Reduced Folate Carrier Gene Polymorphism of Parent and Offspring with Neural Tube Defects PEI Li-jun;ZHU Hui-ping;LIU Jian-meng;YE Rong-wei;LI Zhi-wen;REN Ai-guo;ZHENG Xiao-ying 2011, 30 (3):  169-172.  Abstract ( 3647 )   PDF (292KB) ( 7607 )   Objective：To search the risk of reduced folate carrier gene（RFC1 A80G） polymorphism of parent and offspring with neural tube defects（NTDs）. The purpose is to provide the epidemiological evidence for finding genetic marker of NTDs. Methods: RFC1（A80G） genotype were detected using RFLP-PCR for blood DNA of the 104 triads with NTDs-affected child, and the 100 control families without child-affected birth defects. We investigated the association between the risk of NTDs and parental and offspring’s RFC1 genotype through a case?-parental control study and Family-based association test（FBAT）. Results: The parental heterozygosis GA/GA accounted for 36.36%; Twenty?-five percent of probability of offspring’s becoming homozygote GG which was associated with NTDs（P<0.05）， indicating that mother and father transmitted G allele to offspring by the probability. The G allele frequency of offspring with NTDs was higher than that of controls when compared to A allele（OR=1.56, 95% CI: 1.07-2.28）. There was evidence of association between G allele and the risk of parent having a child with NTDs in the case?-parental control study. However, there was no association between G allele and the risk of NTDs in the FBAT. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that there was no significant association between the risk of NTDs and offspring G allele in FBAT although there was potential association in case?-parental control study． However, the sample size of this study was limited, a larger samples of population?-based study is required to pursue the initial observation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Detection of Subtelomeric Recombination in Patients with Unexplained Retardation of Intellectual and Brain Development JI Tao-yun;WU Ye;WANG Jing-min;XIAO Jing;WANG Hui-fang;LI Jie;ZHAO Hai-juan;YANG Yan-ling;QIN Jiong;WU Xi-ru;JIANG Yu-wu 2011, 30 (3):  173-177.  Abstract ( 3535 )   PDF (318KB) ( 7974 )   Objective： Combined using MLPA and Affymetrix SNP 6.0 chip to detect and fine mapping subtelomeric rearrangement in patients with unexplained MR/DD, finally to provide new methods and evidence for the etiologic diagnosis of MR/DD in China. Methods： 1. Collect unexplained MR/DD patients, 2.MLPA combined with Affymetrix SNP 6.0 chip was performed to detect and fine mapping subtelomeric rearrangements in patients. Results：The subtelomeric aberrations were identified in 41 patients, with a detection rate of 6.5%. 30 patients had simple deletions, 6 had simple duplications and 5 with both deletions and duplications. The sizes of the deletions varied from 0.6 to 12 Mb, with 5-202 genes inside. Duplicated regions were 0.26 to 11 Mb, with 6-143 genes inside. Compare with the MLPA negative patients, the incidence of appearance malformations（75.6%） and other congenital malformations（51.2%） are significantly higher in the MPLA positive patients（P<0.05）. Conclusions： Subtelomeric copy number variation is an important cause of unexplained MR/DD. Four deleted subtelomeric regions and one duplicated region found were smaller than any previously reported, which will be helpful for further defining the candidate dosage sensitive gene associated with MD/DD. Subtelomeric aberrations were detected in 6.5% of Chinese children with unexplained MR/DD. 5 complex subtelomeric aberretions have not been reported. Four deleted subtelomeric regions and one duplicated region found were smaller than any previously reported, which will be helpful for further defining the candidate dosage sensitive gene associated with MR/DD. Related Articles | Metrics

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Developing the Bioinformation Managemant System for Congenital Cardiovascular Defects of Children LIU Han-min;XIE Liang;DENG Chang-fei;DAI Li;MAO Men 2011, 30 (3):  178-182.  Abstract ( 2935 )   PDF (359KB) ( 7409 )   Objective： To develop a management information system（ＭＩＳ） which can be used in the clinical service and aetiological study of congenital heart defects（ＣＨＤ）. Methods： Healthy pregnant women and those who conceived CHD fetus were recruited in this study, and followed up till childbirth. Maternal exposures during pregnancy were obtained using questionnaire survey. Biospecimens of mothers and infants were also collected. The functions of MIS were defined based on the needs of clinical services and aetiological researches. Caché database technology was adopted to construct database, and the Microsoft. NET platform was used to develop program modules. Results： A multi?鄄layered browser/server system with functions of online data quering, analyzing and managing has been built to process data from different sources including questionnaire, clinical tests and biospecimens. Conclusions： Due to the integration of clinical and research data, this platform can improve the pool analysis of data from multiple sources, which benefits to the multicenter studies on the etiology of CHD. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical and Genetic Investigation of A Large Chinese Kindred with Hereditary Mid Frequency Hearing Loss ZHANG Xu;YUAN Hui-jun 2011, 30 (3):  183-186.  Abstract ( 2174 )   PDF (290KB) ( 7381 )   Objective： To analyze and characterize the phenotype and genetics of Chinese kindred with mid?-frequency hearing loss. Methods： Pedigree was drawn after investigation. Eight family members were checked up, and detailed audiological examination were preformed,（including pure tone assay, acoustic immittance measurement）. Results： The proband of the kindred had been diagnosed with senserineural hearing loss. The pattern of the family was autosomal dominant based on the investigated information. Common phenotypie features shared among affected family members included bilateral involvement and postlingual, moderate to severe sensorineural hearing loss affecting mainly mid frequencies． Conclusions： Pedigree analysis suggests an autosomal dominant hereditary pattern in this family with predominantly mid frequency hearing loss. The information may be important for future molecular linkage studies and identification of genes contributing to autosomal dominant hearing loss． Related Articles | Metrics

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The Association Study Between Multi-nutrient Intervention and Fetal Intrauterine Growth Retardation WANG Ya-fei;PEI Li-jun;SONG Xin-ming;CHEN Gong;ZHENG Xiao-ying 2011, 30 (3):  187-189.  Abstract ( 2929 )   PDF (205KB) ( 7369 )   Objective： To evaluate the risk factors of intrauterine growth retardation，and to evaluate the prevention effect of multi-nutrient intervention against intrauterine growth retardation. Methods: The data was from multi?-nutrient intervention community study，which was carried out in 18 counties of 4 provinces nationwide. Then women included in the study was investigated，and followed up to record the pregnancy outcome. Results: 52 043 cases of pregnancy outcome were recorded， in which 50 769 cases were single， live births， and without malformation. According to the traditional definition， there were 134 cases of intrauterine growth retardation. The incidence rate was 0.26%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis shows that， the intrauterine growth retardation associated factors are maternal age， gestational age， fetal gender， economic status， passive smoking， drinking tea， anemia during pregnancy. Multi?-nutrient intervention reduced the incidence of intrauterine growth retardation. Conclusions: maternal age， gestational age， fetal gender， economic status， some bad habits， some disease during pregnancy is risk factors of intrauterine growth retardation. Multi?-nutrient intervention can prevent intrauterine growth retardation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Present Status and Future Trend of Persons with Disability Caused by Birth Defect in China ZHANG Lei;CHEN Gong;ZHENG Xiao-ying 2011, 30 (3):  190-194.  Abstract ( 2963 )   PDF (231KB) ( 7490 )   Objective： To evaluate present status of population with disability caused by birth defect（BD），and estimate the trend in future 50 years. Methods： Quantitative analysis had been carried out based on the sample data and weighted data of National Sample Survey on Disability in 2006. Combine with PDE model to estimate the changing tendency of population with disability caused by BD. Results： ① Based on sample data，prevalence rate of disabilities caused by BD in 2006 was 0.68%， percentage of total disabled population was 10.66%.② Affected by age structure，the sex distribution was different of each type of disabilities caused by BD. ③ Percentages of grade 1（ｅｘｔｒｅｍｅｌｙ ｓｅｖｅｒｅ） ｏf speech， intelligent and listen disability caused by BD were 64.87%， 41.08% and 39.94% respectively. Percentages of grade 4（low?鄄grade） of physical and visual disability were 44.39% and 33.48%, which ranked the first two of total 5 disabilities. ④The higher socio?鄄economical development level， the lower prevalence rate of disabilities caused by BD. ⑤ The high scenario showed that the size of the population with disability caused by BD in 2050 would be 5 times of that in 2006. Conclusions： The continuing growth of the population with disability caused by BD will hinder China’s rapid and effective human capital accumulation， and bring a heavy economic burden on patients， their families， and whole society. Related Articles | Metrics

综述

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To Carry out Birth Defects Prevention by Population and Family Planning Network LI Cheng-fu;SONG Xin-ming 2011, 30 (3):  195-197.  Abstract ( 2856 )   PDF (223KB) ( 7427 )   Birth defects prevention was one of important components to improve the population quality. Causes of birth defects were more complex， both genetic factors and environmental factors. So， birth defects prevention should be carried out from the social， medical， environmental， behavioral and other aspects. The current prevalence of birth defects， the challenges of birth defects intervention， and the successful practice of birth defects prevention by population and family planning network were reviewed in this paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Review on the Process of Geo－science Study on Birth Defects WU Ji-lei;LIAO Yi-lan;PEI Li-jun;CHEN Gong;SONG Xin-ming;ZHENG Xiao-ying 2011, 30 (3):  198-203.  Abstract ( 1841 )   PDF (299KB) ( 7371 )   The problem of birth defects has becoming one of the most important issues in public health research fields. Risk factors of birth defects include genetic, environmental and gene?－environment interactions. Except the independent genetic factors, which accounts a little part of the whole，all other most risk factors are preventable, commonly related with environment and have geo?－spatial characteristics. With the fast development of information technologies, theories and methods from geo?－science have been applied into many research disciplines with Geographical Information System（GIS） as the foundation. This paper has introduced the process of geo－science applications into the birth defects analysis, includes the survey, monitoring of birth defects cases， identification of the environmental risk factors and assessment of the intervention measures. The frame work of geo?－science analysis into birth defects study has been explained with international process on this issue, and the prospects and problems in the application have been discussed as well. Related Articles | Metrics

标准与指南

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Sample Collection and Management in the Study of Birth Defects YAN Jing-bin;HUANG Shu-zhen 2011, 30 (3):  204-207.  Abstract ( 1792 )   PDF (344KB) ( 7441 )   Congenital disorder usually refer to the condition where functional or structural abnormalities developed at or before the birth of a child. The incidence of this congenital disorder is very high in China， especially in economically underdeveloped areas. Mechanisms of most of these birth defects are unclear and not many effective treatments are available. Given the complex nature of various birth defects，we must optimize the study using a top-level design，with thorough consideration to normalize and standardize sample collection， sample storage and transportation. At the same time， we will utilize a modern information and database management system for the fast， easy and reliable access and sharing of accurate sample information within our groups， in order for the successful execution of the program. Related Articles | Metrics

讲座

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Field Implementation of Birth Defects Surveillance LI Zhi-wen;YE Rong-wei 2011, 30 (3):  208-210.  Abstract ( 2304 )   PDF (270KB) ( 7395 )   Birth defects surveillance is an important part of the public health surveillance. It plays an important role in public health area，such as response to public health events， study on etiology of birth defects， development of relevant health policy， health resources allocation， and evaluation on the effect of public health intervention. The surveillance system is the foundation of data collection. In the present paper，we discussed some important issues related to the establishment and running of birth defects surveillance system. Related Articles | Metrics

信息窗口

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Progress of Research Methods and Technology for Detecting Exposure of Environmental Factors that can Bring About Birth Defects HU Yi;XIA Hong-fei;MA Xu 2011, 30 (3):  213-215.  Abstract ( 2377 )   PDF (279KB) ( 7412 )   Birth defects are important factors affecting the quality of the population and destroying the happiness of the family. Environmental risk factors can lead to many kinds of serious birth defects. With the development of detection techniques，the exposure levels of environmental pollutants can be detected more and more accurately. We also get better understanding of the molecular mechanism of environmental pollutants caused birth defects. This paper reviews the environmental risk factors leading to birth defects and where they come from. The technologies detecting some kinds of common environmental teratogens exposure levels，animal models and methods studying changes of biological function were also included. Related Articles | Metrics

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Survey and Data on Disability in Chin CHEN San-jun;CHEN Gong;ZHENG Xiao-ying 2011, 30 (3):  216-217.  Abstract ( 2026 )   PDF (146KB) ( 7447 )   Based on published communiqué and monitoring reports on disability， this paper synthesized information of surveys and data on disability in 1987 and 2006 and 2007-2010 monitoring survey，and introduced surveys and data on disability completely. Related Articles | Metrics

论著

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Association Between Combined Norethisterone Oral Contraceptives and Risks of Female Hypertension CHEN Han;LI Ying;QIAN Wei-chong;ZHAO Jin-kou;SUN Zhi-ming;WU Yu-lin;ZHOU Jian;BA Lei 2011, 30 (3):  218-221.  Abstract ( 2534 )   PDF (273KB) ( 7334 )   Objective：To assess the association between combined norethisterone oral contraceptives（OC）and the risk of female hypertension so as to decrease the adverse reactions of OC. Methods：In June 2003， a cross-sectional study was conducted to invest the qualified and married women in Shaxi Town of Taicang County by unified questionnaire and physical examination tables. Logistic regression was used to analyze the prevalence factors of hypertension. Results：①The hypertension prevalence among 5 596 women was 12.10%（677 women）.② Compared with those subjects with IUDs, the risk of hypertension prevalence was increased slightly among those who had ever used OC over 20 years（adjusted RR=1.63， 95% CI was 1.17～2.27）， the risk was also slightly higher among those who was taking OC over 20 years（adjusted RR=1.80， 95%CI was 1.12～2.90）。③According to the standarded coefficient of regression, the risk factors of hypertension were ordered as: increased body mass index， family history of cerebrovascular diseases， age increasing， OC use， etc. Conclusions： There is an increase in the risk of hypertension among long?-term users of OC. The results suggested that follow-up of blood pressure and medical care should be strengthened in OC users，so as to improve the safety and efficiency of OC use. Related Articles | Metrics

综述

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Progress in the Research of Polymorphisms in the Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase and Methionine Synthase Genes with Male Infertility LIU Ling;QIAN Wei-ping 2011, 30 (3):  222-225.  Abstract ( 2868 )   PDF (273KB) ( 7285 )   he factors, such as susceptible genes, enviroment and nutrition, play an important role in the process of disease. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase（ＭＴＨＦＲ） and methionine synthase（ＭＳ） are the key enzymes in folate and homocysteine metabolism. Defect of their activities may increase the sera level of homocysteinｅ（Ｈｃｙ）， induce abnormal DNA hypomethylation, thereby various dis-orders. There are some debates on the association between the polymorphism?C677T of MTHFR gene and male infertility, while there are few reports on the association between other gene polymorphisms（MTHFR A1298C，MS A2756G） and male infertility. In this review, we focused on the research of polymorphisms in the MTHFR and MS genes and Hcy in patients with male infertility. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in Research on Vitrification and Transplantation of Human Ovarian Tissues ZHENG Yi;ZHOU Ping 2011, 30 (3):  226-229.  Abstract ( 1772 )   PDF (241KB) ( 7360 )   Human ovarian tissues cryopreservation plays an important role in preserving female’s fertility. Currently， technologies of ovarian tissue cryopreservation mainly include slow freezing protocol and vitrification protocol. A large number of studies shown that vitrification frozen was better. However， vitrification there was not the standardized protocol of until now. Ovarian tissue transplantation is an important method in the restoration of female’s fertility， which has been developed in recent year salthough needs for more study. In this paper， we reviewed the factors influencing vitrification， the method reducing ischemia?-reperfusion injury， and the factors of functional recovery and survival period after transplantation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Researches in CsA and It’s Application in Obstetrics and Reproduction RU Gai-zhen;HUANG Yuan-hua;SUN Ying-pu 2011, 30 (3):  230-233.  Abstract ( 2711 )   PDF (261KB) ( 7367 )   Cyclosporin A is a macrolide immunosuppressant widely used to suppress immunological rejection after organ transplantation and to treat autoimmune diseases. Recently， researches on application of CsA in Obstetrics and reproduction have been carried out and revealed that CsA could induce the maternal?鄄fetal immunity tolerance, enhance proliferation, movement, migration, invasion of trophoblasts, and inhibit apoptosis of trophoblasts. CsA regulates early pregnancy from two aspects above, so it is expected to be a clinical medicine for unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion（ＵＲＳＡ）. Based on understanding of CsA pharmacodynamic mechanism， CsA could also be applied in assisted reproductive technology（ART）. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cytoskeleton Reorganization of Endometrium Stromal Cell During Decidualization HUANG Yuan;SUN Xiao-xi 2011, 30 (3):  234-236.  Abstract ( 2058 )   PDF (223KB) ( 7344 )   Decidualization involved in endometrial receptivity is the important step during process of pregnancy. The injury of decidualization is associated with the early pregnancy loss. The cytoskeleton reorganization of the endometrial stromal cells related to the decidualization depends on the changes of cytoskeleton members such as intermediate filament, microfilament, microtubule and so on. It also refers to the cytoskeletal dynamic change regulated by skeleton binding protein. In this review, we discussed the cytoskeleton changes during decidualization, hormonal effect on cytoskeleton of the decidualizing endometrial stromal cells, as well as the autoregulation of decidualization once the cytoskeleton changes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor and Endometrial Receptivity TANG Zhi-hua;YANG Xue-feng 2011, 30 (3):  237-239.  Abstract ( 1874 )   PDF (189KB) ( 7453 )   Embryo implantation requires blastocyst and endometrium develop synchronously. Endometrial receptivity during the window of implantation plays a key role in embryo implantation. Recent research found that many cytokines, enzymes are closely related to endometrial receptivity. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is recognized as a multifunctional cytokine in immune response regulation. Recent research found that it may affect the expression of integrin and vascular endothelial growth factor. This review elaborates the relationship between MIF and endometrial receptivity in the process of embryo implantation and the relationships between MIF and some cytokines. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship Between Polymorphism in Enzyme Genes Involving Folate Metabolism and Risk of Down Syndrome SUN Li-juan;ZHANG Ying 2011, 30 (3):  240-242.  Abstract ( 2055 )   PDF (194KB) ( 7320 )   More and more study shown that folate had important role in the pathophysiology of Down Syndrome. Folate level in patients with Down syndrome is lower than that in normal persons. Folate supplemented in pregnant women with the appropriate dose can reduce the risk of down syndrome. Folate plays an important role in DNA synthesis and methylation. It is not decided whether polymorphism of enzyme genes involving folate metabolism cause chromosome breakage and nondisjunction which increased the risk of Down Syndrome. In this article, we discussed the relationship between polymorphisms of enzyme genes involving folate metabolism and risk of Down Syndrome. Related Articles | Metrics

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Adverse Effects of Environmental Hormones and Epigenetics WANG Xiang-chuan;SUN Bin;CHEN Gui-lai;ZHENG Kai-di;LI Yun 2011, 30 (3):  243-246.  Abstract ( 2896 )   PDF (244KB) ( 7344 )   Environmental endocrine disruptors are defined as some pollutants resided in the direct environment of organisms， which disrupt the normal endocrine function. Of these compounds， environmental hormones and their analogs can affect organisms enormously. In this review， we discussｅd the direct adverse effects of environmental estrogens， including the damages on reproduction and development， neuroendocrine，immune system， carcinogenic and teratogenic effects. And we introduced the relationship between environmental hormones and development?-origin of adult diseases. Epigenetics always play a key role in the long periods adverse effects, transgenerational effects， of environmental estrogens. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Sex Reversal Syndrome ZHAO Bao-jing;CONG Lin 2011, 30 (3):  247-250.  Abstract ( 2604 )   PDF (241KB) ( 7356 )   Sex reversal syndrome is a disorder of sexual differentiation. Karyotype and phenotype are oppositive， including the 46， XX males and 46， XY female. The possible mechanisms include the translocation of Yp?-Xp end， the translocation of chromosome and autosomal， the undetected XX/XY chimeric， over?-expression or deletion of SOX9 gene， and mutation of other genes or molecules involved in sex determination. There are great clinical heterogeneity. Infertility after marriage may be the main cause for a 46， XX male to see doctor. 46， XY female often see a doctor because of primary amenorrhea. Diagnosis should be done as early as possible. Prenatal diagnostic techniques can be used to avoid the birth of those sick children. Therapy for this syndrome includes surgery， drugs and psychological intervention. Related Articles | Metrics

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Growth Differentiation Factor 9， Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome WEI Li-na;LIANG Xiao-yan 2011, 30 (3):  251-253.  Abstract ( 2871 )   PDF (206KB) ( 7377 )   Growth differentiation factor 9（ＧＤＦ９） ａｎｄ ｂｏｎｅ ｍｏｒｐｈｏｇｅｎｅｔｉｃ ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ １５（ＢＭＰ１５） ａｒｅ ｔｗｏ members of transforming growth factor β（ＴＧＦβ） family. In ovary, GDF9 and BMP15 are principally expressed in oocyte and granulosa cell. They regulate multiple functions of granulosa cells by paracrine pathway. These two factors have been shown to take part in the whole process of folliculogenesis, including the formation and progressive growth of the follicles, and ovulation. In addition, they regulate the function of corpus luteum. Their dysfunction may lead to various disorders of follicular development. Polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS） is typical disorder of follicular development, which has been suggested to be related to the abnormal local ovarian factors. In this review， the molecular structure and expression pattern of GDF9 and BMP15, and their roles in the folliculogenesis, were analyzed. Then the pathopysiological roles of GDF9 and BMP15 in PCOS were discussed. It may improve our understanding of female reproduction and the mechanism of aberrant folliculogenesis in PCOS. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Standard Diagnosis of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescents LI Mu-bai;LIU Chang;HOU Li-hui;WU Xiao-ke 2011, 30 (3):  255-257.  Abstract ( 2710 )   PDF (208KB) ( 7272 )   Polycystic ovary syndrome（ＰＣＯＳ） is the most common endocrine disease in reproductive-age women, especially in adolescents. At present, the diagnosis standard of adult PCOS has been made. Along with recent years, the incidence of adolescent PCOS gradually increased. In is necessary to draft the diagnosis standard of adolescent PCOS. In this article, hyperandrogenism, amenorrhea and polycystic change in ovary were discussed in diagnosis of adolescent PCOS. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of BMI-1 in Gynecological Tumors GAO Xiang;ZHANG Shu-lan 2011, 30 (3):  258-261.  Abstract ( 2179 )   PDF (202KB) ( 7302 )   B-cell specific moloney leukemia virus insertion site 1（BMI-1） gene, as an oncogene, is a regulating gene of polycomb group（PcG） gene family. BMI-1 plays an important role in proliferation of stem cell, cellular self-renew and ageing. In recent years, it was found that BMI-1 expressed abnormally in a wide variety of tumors, such as breast cancer, liver cancer and nasopharyngeal darcinoma, BMI-1 is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumor, so it can be used in diagnosis, assessment and prognosis of tumors. At present, study of BMI-1 in gynecologic oncologists was less, but it has been shown that BMI-1 was closely related to the development of gynecological cancer. We believed that BMI-1 would be a candidate factor for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of gynecological tumors. Related Articles | Metrics